SPERMIOGENESIS OF HELIX ARBUSTORUM. 
311 
the latter a later phase. At the end of the scattering the polarisation 
is completely lost and the loops open ont again. 
On Fig. 4., PL VIII., a cell is figured, in which the chromosomes 
are divided nearly equably through the nucleus. The chromatin forms 
then a network consisting of threads of different thickness. Together 
with the scattering of the chromosomes the cytoplasm increases consi- 
derabty (auxocytes, Bolles Lee). 
We can regard the scattering of the chromatins as completed, 
when it has transformed itself into nearly equal thin threads and forms 
a reticulum (Pl. VIII., Fig. 5.). The nucleus is in this condition very 
similar to the resting nucleus, as is well seen when comparing Pl. VIII., 
Fig. 5. with Figs. 8., 9. and IL, PI. VIL; Bolles Lee really regarded 
them as resting spermatocytes. 
The cell in this stage is considerable in size. It is rich in cyto¬ 
plasm, in which after fixing with Flemming’s mixture a large chromatic 
apparatus is to be seen stained deeply with iron hematoxylin. It con¬ 
sists of several, curved or rodlike bodies having sharp outlines, which 
lie on the surface of a homogeneous, dark, spherical body, the idiozome 
of Meves ; their number varies in a considerably manner. They are the 
pseudochromosomes of Heidenhain. There is in the cytoplasm also a 
fine granular material, identical with the mitochondria, stained in the 
same manner as the pseudochromosomes. The close connection of chro¬ 
matic apparatus and mitochondria has been shown by Ancel (2), and 
particularly by Popoff (94), who have found that the former developes 
from the latter by their arranging into rodlike bodies. 
The chromatin in the following stage begins to mass in some 
points of the reticulum, particularly at its cross points which can be 
regarded as the foci of chromosome development. These masses consist 
of smaller and larger chromomeres which can be clearly distinguished 
(PI. VIII., Fig. 7., PL IX., Fig. 3.), but in a slightly later stage the outlines 
of the future chromosomes begin to form, i. e. they begin to transform 
themselves into definite chromosomes, though they are yet connected by 
linin threads and chromatin corpuscles lymg in the threads. Later the 
connection becomes looser, and then the chromosomes begin to become 
defined more sharply (PL VIII., Fig. 8., PL IX., Fig. 4.), but their 
chromomeres are also in this stage distinguishable. In other cases the 
chromomeres first flow together into spherical masses, and then several 
masses melt together to form a chromosome (PL IX., Figs. 1., 2.). The 
developing chromosomes are very different in shape. They are someti¬ 
mes rodlike or arcuated, they consist in some cases apparently of 
3—4 spherical parts; the free ends of the elongated chromosomes often 
