316 
DÇ L. SOÓS 
later stage they are regular, rod shaped, with thickened ends. Along 
their longer axis a clear stripe is to be seen, from which might be 
concluded that they divide along this line, but this is — according to Bolles 
Lee —■ only an appearance, and due to the differences in the refraction 
of light. Then close to the nuclear membrane appear also the centro¬ 
somes which pass toward the opposite poles of the cell, and concur¬ 
rently with their passing the spindle also becomes formed. According 
to Peowazek (98) the second maturation division is not preceded by a 
strict resting stage, which is shown by the fact that the' chromosomes 
remain even during this time, condensed and isolated. He states also 
that the chromosomes first appear close to the nuclear membrane, at 
which time all chromosomes gather in the part of the cell nearest to 
the centrosomes, and they arrange themselves after the forming of the 
spindle in its equatorial plate. 
I have had the opportunity of observing the second maturation 
division only from the anaphase (Pl. X., Fig. 5.). Later phases are shown 
on Figs. 6. and 7., Pl. X. These figures, as well as all my observations 
show that the second division does not differ at all from the first one. 
The chromosomes are also in this case ovoidal, and lie parallel with 
their longer axes to the axis of the spindle. The number of the chromo¬ 
somes is equal to that of the first division, as is seen on Fig. 0., Pl. X., 
on which 18 chromosomes are clearly visible, some chromosomes, 
however, could not be shown in consequence of their position, but 
well distinguishable under the microscope. Pl. X., Fig. 7. shows t the 
telophase. The chromosomes unite at the end of the telophase in a 
dense mass, in which even the single chromosomes are sometimes to 
be distinguished. The chromatin granules divide afterwards so equably 
through the nucleus that it seems to be quite homogeneous (Pl. X., 
Figs. 8., 10.). During the transformation of the nucleus the cytoplasm 
divides into two parts, and then we have to do with the spermatids. 
3. Discussion of literature. 
The examination of the spermiogenesis of the Pulmonates began 
with Duval’s paper (24) published in 1878. Duval’s paper, as well as 
those of his immediate successors, Bloomfield’s (7) and Rouzeaud’s (101) 
appeared in the childhood of the spermatological researches, therefore 
they could not obtain more important results in consequence of the 
incompleteness of the microscopical methods. These authors derived the 
spermatozoa from the most conspicuous cells of the genital gland, i. e. 
the base-cells. 
