governments dealt with local coastal depletion. These included 
strict licensing, restrictions on use of some gear. Propagation of 
fish and the stocking of rivers and lakes was carried out in some pre¬ 
fectures by the government. Hatcheries, both government—owned and 
private, were regulated. 
Aid to Societies and Associations . Societies and their federa¬ 
tions were encouraged and aided by the government at both levels. 
Subsidies have been given to certain activities carried out by these 
organizations. The associations were likewise encouraged and aided. 
Research Activities . Both the central government and the pre- 
fee tural governments were active in fishery research. The central re¬ 
search body was the Fisheries Experimental Station at Tokyo. There were 
87 well-equipped fisheries experiment stations in the Empire, including 
the colonies. Research in oceanography was promoted by the large number 
of vessels operated out of government research stations. Training and 
research were combined on many such vessels. 
Bounties. Subsidies and Other Governmental Aid . Table 65 
summarizes the expenditures of the central government for aid to the 
fishery industry for 1932-33 to 1934-35, the latest years for which 
such data are available. Assistance may be divided into direct bounties 
and subsidies and indirect assistance. 
Direct aid has included money granted for deep-sea fisheries, 
repair of vessels, cold storage facilities, manufacturing and various 
cooperative undertakings. Assistance of this type was usually extended 
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