to various societies and associations rather than to individual 
fishermen . % 
Indirect assistance was given by promoting marketing at home 
or abroad, granting appropriations to prefecture! governments for region¬ 
al use, and expenditures for research, fish propagation and port facilities. 
Societies end Cooperatives 
The Japanese fishermen and others interested in the industry were 
organized into three types of societies: 91 / fishery societies (suisan- 
kai), aquatic products societies (suisan-kumiai), and fishermen^ 
societies (gyogyo-kumiai). All three types had official status and 
were set up pursuant to special laws. The government, both central and 
prefecture!, assisted and regulated their activities. Societies of 
each type were also coordinated into federations or into prefecture! 
and national societies. 
Fishery Societies (Suisan-kai) . These were organizations which 
were foimed according to the provisions of the Suisan-kai Law of 1921, 
consisting in immediate prewar years of about 300 local societies cover- 
v ' 
ing city or county units and 40 prefecture! societies organized by the 
city and county societies (Table 66). These local societies were 
coordinated and controlled by the Imperial Fishery Society (Teikoku 
Sui san-kai). 92/ 
9j/ In many sources these organizations are referred to as "associations - , 
"guilds" etc. The English names as given here with the Japanese names 
are used throughout this report. 
92/ In some sources called the National Association of Fisheries. 
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16-031 P 199 nobu 
