142 
LEPIDOPTERA IN MCA. 
cell, the other two at some distance beyond; the inferior branches are much as in 
the Nymphalinse ; discoidal cell usually at least half the length of the wing, closed 
by distinct veins ; median vein often swollen at the base, the branches equidistant, 
the first arising at the middle of the cell, the last at its tip, which curves towards 
the subcostal veinlets; submedian vein sometimes swollen at the base ; internal 
veinlet absent. A very anomalous distribution of the veins of the forewing, both at 
the costal and inner margins, is shown by Mr. Wood-Mason to occur in the genus 
Parantirrhsea. Hindwings not generally smaller than the forewings, broadly 
rounded, generally without tails, angles, or more than slight crenulations ; inner 
border forming a gutter for the reception of the abdomen; costal vein terminating 
at about the middle of the outer half of the anterior border; subcostal vein 
taking its rise apparently as a dependent of the costal vein, its lower branch 
curving strongly at base toward the median; cell closed by a slender vein, con¬ 
necting the lower subcostal veinlet just beyond its initial curve to the last branch 
of the median at its curve, directed outward from the subcostal toward the 
median veinlet; the branches of the median vein arise further from the base of the 
wing than the corresponding ones of the subcostal vein, the terminal one curving 
to receive the [discocellular] vein closing the cell; submedian vein terminating at the 
anal angle; internal vein terminating at about the middle of the inner border. 
Forelegs very small, variable in division and armature ; the male tarsi consist of a 
single joint sometimes divided by sutures into from three to five unarmed articula¬ 
tions ; in the female they are divided into four or five joints, sometimes unarmed, 
sometimes with apical spurs, and sometimes with scattered spines only. Male 
abdominal appendages :—Upper organ provided with a hook as long as or longer 
than the centrum and generally as long as or longer than the clasps ; also, with a 
pair of slender, tapering, backward-directed appendages on the sides; clasps pretty 
long and slender, at least four times as long as broad, tapering on the apical half, 
and generally becoming very slender.” (Scudder, Butt. E. U. S. i. 115, 1888.) 
Egg .— iC Subspherical, flattened at the base, and rounded, though usually slightly 
flattened at the summit; the sides full and broadest below the middle, usually in the 
middle of the lower half ; covered either with very inconspicuous cells or with very 
numerous, delicate, longitudinal ribs; surface minutely granulose; micropyle com¬ 
posed of minute angular cells; increasing a little in size outwardly and separated by 
delicate raised lines” (Scudder). Mr. W. Doherty, who is the only entomologist 
who has paid attention to the study of the eggs of Indian butterflies, characterizes 
those of the Satyrinse (Journ. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, 1886, 109) as follows:—“ Egg 
about as high as wide, a little more or a little less, rather small, hard, typically 
translucent, and smooth or with obscure polygonal facets, sometimes subradiate, or 
even (. Aulocera ) with distinct, broadly-scalloped, anastomosing ribs, somewhat as in 
