60 U. C. Batavyal— Copper-plate Grant of Dharmapala. [No. 1, 
i Wmf*TOTOT Ki^i f<f^t ^ I 
Thus the feminine form is applied indifferently to a king’s wife or to a 
Brahman’s wife. 
I am inclined to think that the words and are really the 
Prakrit forms of the Sanskrit word *?fir (vocative *TO) or WIT. They 
seem to be radically connected with the Bangall word MTrNT husband. 
That they were really Prakrit words is indicated by the fact that they 
were mostly used in dramatic speech. Being in common use, the words 
forced recognition even from Pandits and were sanskritized. The 
derivation points to an individual who “ supported ” others. A learned 
Brahmana, who supported a host of pupils or dependants was aHfor 
VffTT or WTO; and a Raja who supported many people was a WTOT 
or lord : and the wife of both was a I 
It will thus appear that philologically there is no difference 
between Bhatta Narayana, and Narayana Bhattaraka. 
The question still remains whether the author of the Veni Sarhliara 
is identical with our Narayana Bhattaraka. If we looked to the copper¬ 
plate alone the point might remain doubtful : but as pointed out in the 
preceding note, fortunately we possess independent evidence, from 
which we know that the author of the Vein Samhara was really a 
contemporary of Dharma Pala. The value of the copper-plate lies in 
confirming this evidence. 
The copper-plate shows that very intimate relations subsisted 
between Dharma Pala, and the king of Kannauj, the former having 
restored the latter to his throne. That a poet of the Pancala country 
as Bhatta Narayana was, should be patronized by Dharma Pala need 
not therefore surprise us. There are one or two points in the Veni 
Sarhliara itself, that deserve mention in this connection. We have 
already alluded to the ploka in which the poet deplores the decay of 
the poetic art through want of royal patronage in his own native 
country. I think the Veni Sarhliara was composed in the native land of 
the poet. In the concluding verse he pointedly solicited the patronage 
of his king in the following lines :— 
W wfwnro: It 
He hoped that his own king, the king of Kannauj, would be a 
and befriend a learned man like himself; that he would be a 
3IWV and appreciate the special merit of his own work, which was 
evidently composed to rouse the martial spirit of his countrymen. 
Kannauj we know was then laid low at the feet of enemies ; and the 
