1894.] W. Theobald— Early Local Silver Carnages in N.- W. India. 83 
On two or three coins an upright staff is seen in front of the bull 
which sometimes seems supported by a tripod. On one coin this staff 
seems replaced by a T ; but being on the extreme left of the coin, the 
sj^mbol often falls outside the field. The coins themselves, too, are of 
very rude make and often double-struck, and the design thereby injured, 
and on this account I think the bull came to be mistaken for a lion. 
Besides the above coins two square ones remain of a different character ; 
one weighs 25 grains, the other 18. They are both die-struck. The 
first has a circle, a crozier-like pot-hook, and some other unintelligible 
marks on the obverse, and some obscure crooked parallel marks on the 
reverse. The smaller coin has what may be intended for the rude 
figure of a man kneeling to the right, with a ‘ taurine ’ and two other 
symbols behind him, made of a circle with an inverted half-circle over 
it. The reverse is blank. These coins probably come from the same 
locality as those above described, but belong to a totally distinct issue 
of which no more can be said, till other specimens are available for 
comparison and description. 
In my paper 4 On Punch-marked Coins ’ {ante, Vol. LIX, page 258), 
I remark that 44 the 4 triratna ,’ strange to say, does not appear to occur 
on these coins.” Since this was written I have acquired a polygonal 
silver coin of this class, with a symbol on it which I interpret as the 
prototype of the 4 triratna,’ and which may be thus described. In the 
centre is a good-sized globe. Below the globe are two 4 taurines ’ ranged 
horizontally with their 4 cusps ’ opposed to each other. On either side 
of the central globe is a taurine with the cusps pointing upwards, and 
above the central globe is a crescent, or perhaps a smaller globe, as the 
margin of the coin cuts across and renders this point uncertain. Sup¬ 
porting this crescent, but not touching each other, are two crescents 
with their cusps pointing upwards, whilst each outer cusp supports 
another crescent. 
Now, if these crescents are viewed from above, by the symbol 
being turned upside down, they would present a certain resemblance 
to the lower tiers of a 4 stupa ’ or 4 caitya,’ but with the important 
difference, that each crescent (or chamber, as we should say in the case 
of the 4 stupa ’), is separated from its fellow and not tangential thereto, 
as is always the case, so far as my experience goes, with regard to 
the chambers of the 4 stupa.’ I regard, therefore, the symbol as 
having no relation to the 4 stupa,’ but as a combination of several 
crescents. 
Now, if we turn to Mr. Robert Sewell’s paper on 4 Early Buddhist 
Symbolism’ ( Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society , 1886, p. 364), it is 
easy to conceive how the 4 scarab ’ (p. 398, 1. c.) can be converted, by 
