191 
1894.] Y. A. Smith — History and Coinage of the Gupta Period. 
cause their execution does not quite come up to the standard of Firuz’s 
known genuine coins; and (2) because they do not bear any Pahlavi 
legend. At the same time they must be of Firuz’s time, that is, of the 
latter part of the fifth century, A.D. ; they cannot be of a later date, 
for in that case they would rather imitate Sassanian coins of Firuz’s 
successors. From the absence of any Pahlavi legend and Sassanide 
king’s name, it may be concluded that the coins were not issued either 
by a Sassanide king, or by any of his vassals or governors. They must 
be the issue of some hostile king, who adopted Firuz’s coinage, but 
omitted Firuz’s name. 
It is known from history that during the latter part of his reign 
Flruz was engaged in calamitous campaigns against the White Huns 
in which he lost his life. The Huns annexed the eastern districts of 
the Sassanide kingdom (Khorasan and Kabul), and then passed on to 
the invasion of India. 
It was probably their leader, who about this time (A.D. 470-486) 
adopted Firuz’s coinage. He naturally omitted Firuz’s name, though 
he at first retained Firuz’s likeness on the obverse (Class I). Subse¬ 
quently he appears to have substituted his own likeness for that of 
Flruz (Class II). 
At the time of the Hunnic invasion of India, their leaders were 
Toramana and his son Miliirakula. The latter succeeded his father 
about A.D. 515 ; and Toramana appears to have had a rather long reign, 
so that he may have succeeded to the leadership of the Huns about 
A.D. 470. or perhaps even earlier. (See Fleet’s Introduction to Vol. III., 
of the Corpus Inscriptionum Indicarum, pp. 10-12). His Indian campaigns, 
during which he conquered Ka 9 mlr, the Panjab, Sindh, Raj pu tana and 
a portion of Central India, probably fell within the period A.D. 
490-510. 
In India it is known that he imitated the contemporary Gupta 
[silver] coinage, and he appears to have observed a similar practice 
in Ka^mir. It is, therefore, probable that he followed a similar course 
during the period of his conquest of portions of the Sassanide king¬ 
dom, and that the coins of the present find, the age of which coincides 
with that of Toramana, are issues of the latter king. They may have 
been carried by his advancing army into India, and thus be brought to 
the place where they have now been discovered. 
It is curious that these coins should bear no legend whatsoever, 
though Toramana’s Indian, as well as K^mlrian, imitated coins are in¬ 
scribed with his name. 
Perhaps the fact may be accounted for by the circumstance that 
his Sassanian imitations were his first attempt at coining money of his 
J. i. 25 
