196 V. A. Smith — History and Coinage of the Gupta Period. [No. 4, 
I may say that I cannot conceive it to be possible for the following 
reasons:— 
1. The Toramana of Kaxpnir, according to the Raja TaraqginI, 
was never a king, but died in prison, where he was pat by his brother 
for striking the coins which we now possess. The Scythian [i.e., White 
Hnn ] Toramana was a powerful king, who ruled over the valley of the 
Indus, both Panjab and Sindh, and afterwards conquered Malwa, 
where small silver coins of Gupta type were struck in his name 1 and a 
colossal boar set up in the first year of his reign. Eventually he left 
his kingdom to his son Mihirkul, who held it for at least fifteen years. 
2. The son of the Ka^mir Toramana was Pravarasena, who is 
always described as a great conqueror ; but if the two Tor am anas were 
the same, then Pravarasena must have been Mihirakula himself. 
But there is this difference between the two that Mihirkul was 
eventually defeated by Ya 9 odharman, king of Malwa, whereas Pra¬ 
varasena re-established on his throne Siladitya, the expelled son of the 
king of Malwa. 
3. The coins of Pravarasena, both in gold and silver, show him 
to have belonged to the Kidara Kusans, as they present the name of 
Kidara in beautifully formed letters written perpendicularly, as on all 
the Kidarite coins. 
Lastly, I may observe that the earlier Toramana, like all the White 
Huns, has his hair cut short, while the Ka^mlr Toramana has bushy 
hair like his ancestor Kidara, as copied from the Sassanian kings. 
4. I may also note that the characters of the Ka^mir coins are of 
a later date than the others. This is most clearly shown in the attached 
a and 6, which are simple prolongations of the matrds of the t and m, 
instead of marks placed above those letters, as in the Kyura [Kura] 
and Eran inscriptions of the other Toramanas. 
1 note also that the letter r has a turn up at the foot of the Ka 9 mlr 
coins of Toramana and his son Pravarasena, which is not found on the 
others.” 2 
Some of the proposed tests are open to criticism, but I will not 
stop to examine them minutely. Cunningham, it will be observed, 
regards the Toramana coins which he ascribes to Ka^mir as the un¬ 
authorized issue of a pretender. I confess that I feel sceptical as to the 
existence of two contemporary Toramanas in Northern India in A. D. 
520. 
1 I doubt if the Toramana hemidrachms were struck in Malwa. The Gupta 
coins of the Fantail Peacock type seem to have been struck in the Gangetic valley. 
8 Trans., p. 232. 
