202 Y. A. Smith — History and Coinage of the Gtupta Period. [No. 4, 
In 1885, when this remark was written, the relationship of the 
earlier Toramana to Mihirakula was not known, and Dr. Hoernle was 
influenced by the statements of the Pdja Tararjgini concerning Tora¬ 
mana of Ka^mir and his son Pravarasena. 
Dr. Fleet is clearly correct in the observation: — “ Toramana was 
the father and predecessor of the great Mihirakula himself. This will 
explain the double-struck coins published by Dr. Hoernle. The 
Toramana of these coins must be the father of Mihirakula, not as was 
thought at the discussion of them, the later Toramana of Ka^mir; and 
I feel sure that a re-examination of these coins will show that in every 
case the name and emblems of Mihirakula lie over those of Toramana.” 1 
The result of this prolonged discussion is that only a single type 
of copper coins—that which I have named the Sassanian Bust, can with 
perfect certainty be ascribed to Toramana, the father of Mihirakula. 
I believe that the Archer coin (Theobald, No. 3, ante , p. 197) is 
also his. The other Tdra coins must for the present remain doubtful. 
Section IV. — Mihirakula. or Mihiragula, ( circa A.D. 515-544.) 
Silver Coinage. 
The silver coins of Mihirakula are exceedingly rare ; in fact, only 
three specimens seem to be known. 
Sassanian Bust Type. 
Obv. Bust of King to right, beardless, with crescent on front of 
head-dress. Bull, or bull-standard, in front; trident 
behind. Marginal legend either Jayatu Mihirakula , or 
Jayatu vrsadhvaja. 
Rev. Fire-altar and attendants, more or less distinct. 
Variety 1. 
Broad coin, about 1 inch in diameter ; weight, according to Cun¬ 
ningham, 36’5 (which may be a misprint for 56’5). Standard in front 
of bust is an umbrella decorated with pennons, having a bull to left, 
recumbent on the top. Obverse legend jayatu Mihirakula , 
1 may Mihirakula be victorious.’ 
References and Remarks :— 
This coin was included in the Abbott collection, which was 
chiefly formed in the Hazara country, and it is now in the British 
Museum. Thomas published a good woodcut of the obverse (P. H., 
1 Ind. Antiquary, Yol. XV (1886, p. 245.) Mr. Rivett-Carnac, who sent the 
coins, also noticed that the ball was struck “ above some former design.” Cun¬ 
ningham, too, had no doubt that the bull was “ struck over the solar emblem.’’ 
