1894.] E. Vansittart —Tribes , Qians , and Castes of Nepal. 231 
than any of the other five pure Magar tribes. By careful selection, 
however, excellent Ghartis can be obtained. The Bhujial Gharti lives 
in the valleys and high mountains to the north of Gulmi, above the 
Puns, but immediately below the Karantis. Their tract of country runs 
along both sides of the Bhuji Khola (river), from which they probably 
derive their name. 
The Bhujial Gharti is generally a shepherd. He lives principally 
on the milk of sheep, and i3 almost invariably a man of very good 
physique and heavy limbs. He is remarkably dirty when first enlisted. 
Amongst the Gharti clans are two that should not be confounded, 
although from their similarity in pronunciation one is very apt to do 
so. The Pahare or Paharia is a good Magar. Pare or Paria (from par , 
outside) should never be enlisted. He is, as his name indicates, an 
out-caste, or a descendant of out-castes. 
Pun .—The Pun tribe seems a small one, as but a small percentage 
of them is obtained annually. They are generally men of heavy limbs 
and excellent physique. They much resemble Gurungs. They live 
about Gulmi principally, although, of course, they are found in other 
places also. They are most desirable men. 
Pana .—Of all Magars there is no better man than a Rana of good 
clan. In former days any Thapa who had lost three generations 
of ancestors in battle became a Rana, but with the prefix of his Thapa 
clan. Thus a Reshmi Thapa would become a Reshmi Rana. 
An instance of this is to be found in the 5th Gurkhas, where a havil- 
dar, Lackman Thapa, and a naick, Shamsher Rana, are descended from 
two Thapa brothers ; but three generations of descendants from one of 
these brothers having been killed in battle, Shamsher Raua’s ancestors 
assumed the title of Rana; Lachman Thapa’s ancestors not having been 
killed in battle for three generations, he remains a Thapa. 
From this custom many Rana clans are said to have sprung up, and 
this would lead one to believe that the Rana tribe was looked up to 
amongst Magars. The original Rana clans were few, amongst them 
being the following: —Chitoria, Maski, Ruchal, Hunchun, Thara, Laye, 
Tharali, Surjabansi or SurajvansI, Hiski, and Masraugi. 
Thapa .—The Thapa tribe is by far the greatest of all, and amongst 
them, yearly, hundreds of excellent recruits are obtained. Care should, 
however, be exercised in the selection of Thapas, as a very large 
number of men adopt the title of Thapa, although they have no right 
to the same. 
The Saru, Gaha, Bagalia and Darlami clans of the Tliapa are each 
sub-divided into families, and the Kala family is the best in the first two. 
The Purana Gorakh regiment in Nepal consists entirely of Magars, 
J. i. 30 
