1G R.ajendralala Mitra— Spirituous Drinks in Ancient India. [No. 1, 
liquor besides the soma beer, which is not usually reckoned under the head 
of madya , and his successors have added largely to the list. The twelve 
principal liquors of this sage are 1, pdnasa , or jack liquor ; 2, drdksha , or 
grape liquor; 3, madhuka , or honey liquor ; 4, kharjjura , or date liquor ; 
5, tala, or palm liquor; 6, aikhsliava, or cane liquor ; 7, madhvika, or mowa 
liquor ; 8, saira, long pepper liquor ; 9, arishta, or soap-berry liquor; 
10, maireya , or rum ; 11, ndrikelaja , or cocoa-nut liquor ; 12, surd , or arrack, 
otherwise called vdruni or paishti * This verse, as quoted in the S'abda- 
kalpadruma , gives tanka , or wood apple liquor, and the Yislinu Sanhita koli 
or jujube liquor in lieu of Saira. 
The mode of preparing these liquors is briefly described in the Matsya- 
s'ukta Tantra. It says, “ Place unripe jack, mango, and plums, in a jar, and 
pom* on it daily a quantity of unboiled milk, and add some flesh meat; put 
therein hemp leaves and sweet lime on alternate days, and when duly fermented, 
distil, and this is jack wine.”f 
For the 2nd, the grape juice is to be fermented with curds, honey and 
glii, distilled in the usual way, and flavoured with manjit, and chiretta. J This 
is of course brandy-bitter, pure and simple, dyed with manjit instead of burnt 
sugar. The 3rd has honey for its principal ingredient, and with it is to be 
associated Vidanga (a bitter drug), salep misri, long pepper, and salt.§ 
The 4th has ripe dates for its basis, and with it is mixed jack fruit, 
ginger and the juice of the soma vine.|| The 5th is made with the 
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