1S73.] A. F. Rudolf Hoernle —Essays on the Gaurian Languages. GO 
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sound may change to ; and this conclusion is confirmed by the fact 
that the phonetic equivalent of viz. ^f, also changes into ; e. g., the 
first pers. sing. pres, of the verb to be is in the Braj , in Alwari % (also high 
Hindi), in Jaipur! wy in Naipali W (in Bangali ^TfV). The original of these 
forms is the Prakrit (see Prak. Prak. XII, 19.), the substitute for 
the Sanskrit (from the root for just as JT^gr for JRp, for 
?"T). The initial ^ of is dropped, (just as in ^ or itji for or 
and the final ^ becomes quiescent (according to the Gaurian rule, 
see Essay III.) Thus we have 3 >ttt or WT (compare the Prakrit future; 
e. g., for JiGr-^T^FT). This is modified to or if ; next the aspirated 
palatal W is reduced to the simple aspirate ; and thus we obtain or j^r. 
The mode of this change seems to be this, that the anuswara, being the 
substitute of an original labial nasal , is vocalised into the labial vowel ^ ; 
at least this seems to be indicated by such Prakrit nouns as qr 3 ? ( ~ Skr. 
TT^), iTTTT, JTTTT, (= Skr. T?nr) which in the Gaurian becomes 
(Hindi), or TTP3, »TT^, 3TP3, (Naipali) ; both, in both Gaurian languages 
equally, are pronounced nf, "stt , JIT . 
The Naipali equivalent of the Hindi forms ^nrirf and ^TTyf is It 
approaches most nearly to the Alwari form 3\T«f and must be considered as 
merely a modification of it (a reduction of the terminal long ^ to short 
so common in Gaurian). It has its exact counterpart in Gujarati in 
the neuter nouns ending in (see Edaljis Guj. Grammar p. 2G, note 5.) ; 
as collection. I think these neuter nouns in both in Naipali 
and Gujarati, ought correctly to be written with an anunasika, as we have 
it in the Gujarati infinitives in as do. There are many examples of 
this change of a Hindi l*T, ^T, or ® to ^ both in Naipali and Gujarati. There 
is, e. g., the Gujarati infinitive, as (the exact equivalent of the Naipali 
cjfrcf) which corresponds to the Braj Bhasha infinitive and the Alwari, 
and Marwari 3Tcif; again sum in the Braj Bhaslia is ^f, high Hindi 
and Marwari Alwari but in Naipali and Gujarati W"; quis is in 
^ C\ ^ 
Hindi ^r^T, but in Naipali etc. 
In order to remove all doubts as to the correctness of the identification 
of the ordinary Gaurian infinitives with the Sanskrit and Prakrit participles 
future passive formed by the affix I will add the following, as I think, 
conclusive arguments. 
1. On the theory that the Gaurian infinitives are verbal nouns formed 
Or. < 1 % 31% H i- e. 
Skr. 'TrTrp SfT^Tfa II 
Or. ^ W II i- e - 
Skr. ^f<T H 
Act II, p. Gl, 72, 78. 
