7 o 
1873.] A. F. Rudolf Hoernlo— Essays on the Gaurian Languages. 
in Latin. The Latin Part. Fut. Pass, in andus or endus may also have a 
passive or an active sense. When it is used passively, it may either 
imply futurity, in which case it is the proper Part. Fut. Pass., expressing 
chiefly necessity or fitness; or it may imply present time, in which case 
it is a verbal adjective (commonly called gerundive), expressing an enduring 
contemporaneous action. When it is used actively, it serves to express the 
oblique case of the Infinitive Present Active, and is called the Gerund. 
Now exactly in these three ways the Sanskrit and Prakrit Part. Fut. Pass, 
is used in Gaurian; e. g., in gerundial construction, there is time to write a 
letter , is in Latin epistolam scribendi tempus est, in Gaurian tVft qiT 
3 G cfTT^r xT; or in gerundival construction, Latin, tempus est epistolae 
scribendae, Gaurian qiT ^TT^T ^; or in Part. Fut. Pass, construc¬ 
tion, you must write a letter , Latin, a vobis epistola scribenda est, rpr 'ij 
(or The Gaurian goes a step beyond the classic 
Latin in using the Part. Fut. Pass, also to express the nominative case of 
the infinitive ; but the same usage is not unknown to the Latin of the 
middle ages, where the Nom. Sing. Neut. is sometimes used to express the 
mere act of the verb as scribendum to write = Hindi (H. H. 
f%*a»TT). # The Latin has another parallel case in the verbal adjectives in 
tivus, which have generally active sense, but as regards origin are identical 
with the Sanskrit Part. Fut. Pass, in (e. g., activus, dativus = 
etc.), see Bopp’s Comp. Gram. §. 902, p. 352, Illrd Yol. Also the Pali has 
an analogous usage. It employs sometimes the Sansk. Part. Fut. Pass., 
formed by means of the affix q, to express the mere action of the verb, 
e. g., giving *=. Skr. ^ (of root ^t), drinking = Skr. qq (of root 
qT), rejecting (of tt) ; 3*9 loving (of ITT), knowing (of ^t) ; see Ma¬ 
son’s Pali Grammar, §. 263a, p. 146, also §. 235b, p. 134. 
But we must return to our original enquiry. We have now seen that 
the Gaurian neuter terminations q, qjf, etc., cannot be derived from 
the Sanskrit neuter termination or the Prak. neuter termination ^ 
or We have further, by an examination of the Gaurian infinitive and 
gerund, seen, that their neuter terminations qff, q, 4, etc., are derived or 
contracted from the Sanskrit termination and the Prakrit termination 
^■ 5 ? (or or qjq)). This not only confirms the law of derivation stated 
previously (pp. 65, 66.), hut also discovers the modus of the derivation of the 
Gaurian neuter terminations q, Hf, 4, etc., viz., that they represent a 
Sanskrit or Prakrit terminal dissyllable (in the present case or ^). 
# If Bopp’s opinion (Comp. Gram. §. 809, p. 183, Illrd Yol.) be correct, as it doubt, 
less is, that the Latin Part. Fut. Pass, in andus is originally identical with the Prak. 
Part. Pros. Act. in ^f\: or (Skr. in qpn), the process of change in meaning is 
in Latin exactly tho reverse from that in Gaurian. But this does not affect the 
argument in the text, as the principle of change is identical in both cases. 
