84 A. F. Rudolf Hoernle —Essays on the Gaurian Languages. [No. 1 7 
and next to ^yvf or efiTcf, which last is the present Gujarati direct form 
of the word. Now the genitive of the Prakrit is or 
^To^f^r or The last of these changes in Gaurian to ^ryM^T and 
finally (contracted by Gaurian law) to ^ryHT which is the present Gujarati 
and Marwari oblique form of the word. The Naipali neuter nouns in ^ 
are the infinitives. While, e. g., the Gujarati has ^ycf to do, and the 
Marwari 3ty9f, the Naipali has . # The derivation of these infinitives 
has also been already explained. They are derived from the Sanskrit 
participle future passive in The Sanskrit therefore is ; in 
Prakrit it is sjrysfH or and (broadened) This last form 
changes in Gaurian to (or which is the present direct form of 
the word in the Braj Bhasha, next to 3fTy«T^ which is the present Alwari 
direct form of the word, and, finally, to v*h, which is the present Naipali 
direct form of the word. Now the genitive of the Prakrit form is 
^ryw^^T or or efry^^jrf. The last of these becomes in Gaurian 
or, contracted by Gaurian law, ^fy«n, which is the present Naipali 
oblique form of the word.f 
The final nasal which appears in the oblique form of Gujarati neuter 
nouns in is puzzling.£ At first sight, one might take it as an inorganic 
Prakrit, not only but also and (with elision of or (^jfkyj) 
and (broadened) '^■ 3 ^ (comp, vedic having gone, Prak. In the latter 
case the process of development of ^yyTis this ; Skr. Prak. or 
tfrfVxfjvpj = = e^y^^j; Gaur eftyif = efiy^. In this case 
the single ^ of the Gaurian form is explained by the Prakrit itself. In the other case 
it must be explained by the Gaurian law according to which a Prakrit similar double 
consonant is reduced to the single consonant. The Marathi form Ms contracted 
either from the Prakrit form (which becomes in old Gaurian ^yy^ij) or from 
the Prak. form (Compare the note at the end of the essay). 
* In St. Luke’s gospel the Naipali infinitive is spelled without the final nasal; 
thus ^Tcjf\ This may be mere inaccuracy ; or, if it is correct, we must assume that the 
' v» 
original final nasal is dropped, as so often in modern Gaurian. This view is confirmed 
by the fact that traces of that Gaurian tendency of dropping the final neuter nasal, 
appear also in Gujarati, where, according to Edalji’s Grammar, the neuter may end in 
^ as well as in yj e. g., gold is both yp-^ and 
f This Prak. from becomes in Gaurian contracted into which is 
the present Marathi direct form of the word. 
J This final nasal, I think, should be written as an anunasika. In Hindi, at all 
events, all final and medial Gaurian nasals are anunasikas, but all medial (there are no 
final nasals of this kind) Sanskritic or Prdkritic nasals are annswaras. I am inclined to 
think that this rule obtains not only in Hindi, but in all Gaurian languages ; it 
certaiidy does, as far as my limited acquaintance with the pronunciation of the other 
Gaurian languages enables me to judge. In Hindi, karenge they will do “ is y° 3 [ not 
; evening is (Skr. yrmn, Prak. ^yffi) • true is yp^r (Skr. yr<*} ; Pr. ^) ; 
