CULTURE. 
Species 1 , is propagated by planting the nuts in February, in beds of fresh undunged earth. 
The best nuts for sowing, are such as are brought from Portugal and Spain, and are commonly sold 
in winter for eating, provided they are not kiln-dried, which is generally the case of most of those 
brought from abroad, which is done to prevent their sprouting or shooting in their passage; there¬ 
fore, if they cannot be procured fresh from abroad, it will be much better to use those of the growth 
of England, which are full as good to sow for timber or beauty as any of the foreign nuts, though 
their fruit is much smaller: these should be preserved until the season for sowing, which is the 
beginning of March, in sand, where mice and other vermin cannot come to them, otherwise they 
will soon destroy them: before you set them, it will be proper to put them into water to try their 
goodness, which is known by their weight; those that swim upon the surface of the water should 
be rejected as good for nothing; but such as sink to the bottom, you may be sure are good. 
In setting these seeds or nuts, the best way is, to make a drill with a hoe, as is commonly prac¬ 
tised in setting Kidney Beans, about four inches deep, in which you should place the nuts, at about 
four or six inches distance, with their eye uppermost; then draw the earth over them with a rake, 
and make a second drill at about a foot distance from the former, proceeding as before, allowing 
three or four rows in a bed, with an alley between, three feet broad, for a conveniency of clearing 
the beds, &c. When you have f nished your plantation, you must be careful that it is not destroyed 
by mice, or other vermin; which is very often the case, if they are not prevented by traps, or other 
means. 
In April these nuts will appear above ground; you must therefore observe to keep them clear 
from weeds, especially vdrile young: in these beds they may remain for two years, when you should 
remove them into a nursery, at a wider distance. The best season for transplanting these trees, is 
either in October or at the end of February; but October is the best season: the distance these 
should have in the nursery, is three feet row from row, and a foot or eighteen inches in the rows: you 
must be careful in transplanting these trees, to take them up without injuring their roots, nor should 
they remain long out of the ground; but if they have a downright tap-root, it should be cut off, 
especially if they are intended to be removed again; this will occasion their putting out lateral roots, 
and render them less subject to miscarry when they are removed for good. 
The time generally allowed them in this nursery, is three or four years, according to their growth; 
but the younger they are transplanted, if designed for timber, the better they will succeed; during 
which time you should be careful to keep them clear from weeds, observing also to prime off lateral 
branches, vdiich would retard their upright growth, and where you find any that are disposed to 
grow crooked, either by their upper bud being hurt, or from any other accident, you may the year 
after planting, in March, cut them down to the lowermost eye next the surface of the ground, which 
will cause them to make one strong upright shoot, and may be afterwards trained into good straight 
trees: but this should not be practised, unless the plants have absolutely lost their leading shoot; 
for although the stems of the trees should be very crooked, as is generally the case with them when 
* young, yet when they are transplanted out, and have room to grow, as they increase in bulk, they 
will grow more upright, and their stems will become straight, as 1 have frequently observed where 
there have been great plantations made of them. 
But in doing this, you must be careful not to disturb or break their roots, which, perhaps, might 
destroy them. These trees require no other manure than their own leaves, which should be suffered 
to rot upon the ground; and in the spring of the year, the ground should have a slight digging, 
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