490 
female flowers on different plants.—Native of Canada, whence it was first brought to Paris. Culti¬ 
vated in 1748, by Archibald Duke of Argyle.* 
This sort will live abroad, and is never hurt by frost. The other species have propagated by 
seeds, but these require to be watered three or four days, to soften their outer coats, else they will 
remain years without vegetating. In general it is propagated by cutting away some of the horizon¬ 
tal roots, or by suckers. It requires a light soil. 
Genus 22. Jxjglans. Walnut. Class XXI. Monoecia. 
Order VII. Polyandria. 
Species 1. Common Walnut Tree . (Juglans Regia.) 
The Walnut is a very large and lofty tree, with strong spreading boughs. Leaves pinnate, with 
a very strong but not unpleasant smell. Leaflets three pairs, sometimes two or four, nearly equal, 
except that the odd one is larger, they are entire, smooth, and shining. Male flowers in close, pen¬ 
dulous, subterminating aments. Females scattered, frequently two or three together. Fruit an 
ovate, coriaceous, smooth drupe, inclosing an irregularly grooved nut, which contains a four-iobed, 
oily, palatable kernel, with an irregular knobbed surface, and covered with a yellow skin. 
There are several varieties of the Common Walnut, which have been specified by Miller, but 
they all vary again when raised from the seed, and nuts from the same tree will produce different 
fruit: persons therefore who plant the Walnut for its fruit, should make choice of the trees in the 
nurseries, when they have their fruit upon them. 
The flowers begin to open about the middle of April, and are in full blow by the middle of 
May, before which time the leaves are fully displayed. Even in the South of France it is frequently 
injured by spring frosts; to avoid this, it is a practice in Switzerland to engraft the common stocks 
with the late ripe variety, which does not produce its fruit before the month of May or June.-f This 
might perhaps be too late for us, but in warmer climates, where the fruit is of much consequence 
for the oil which it yields, where the Olive will not succeed, it may be worth attending to. In 
France, Switzerland, &c. the wood is in great request for furniture, as it was formerly in England, 
till the use of Mahogany superseded it. 
Were this timber, says Mr. Evelyn, in greater plenty amongst us, we should have far better 
utensils of all sorts for our houses, as chairs, stools, bedsteads, tables, wainscot, cabinets, See. instead 
of the more vulgar Beech, subject to the worm, weak and unsightly; but which, to counterfeit and 
deceive the unwary, they wash over with a decoction made of the green husks of Walnuts, &c. 
What universal use, he continues, the French make of the timber of this tree for domestic 
affairs, may be seen in every room both of poor and rich. It is of singular use with the joiner for 
the best grained and coloured wainscot; with the gunsmith for stocks; with the coachmaker for 
wheels and the bodies of coaches; the cabinet-maker uses it for inlayings, especially the firm and 
close timber about the root, which is admirable for flecked and cambleted works. To render this 
wood the better coloured joiners put the boards into an oven after the batch is forth, or lay them 
in a warm stable; and when they work it, polish it over with its own oil very hot, which makes it 
look black and sleek, and the older it is, the more estimable; but then it should not be put in work 
* Hort. Kew. 
f Vi liars. 
