492 
a wife, dll he bring proof that he has planted a stated number of Walnut-ttees. The Bergs trass, 
which extends from Heidelberg to Darmstadt, is planted with Walnuts.* According to Pallas, it 
is common in Ukraine, the Chersonesus Taurica and Caucasus, where it also appears here and there 
in a wild state. Prom the northern side of Caucasus it becomes more scarce, but on the lower parts 
towards the south it is very common, large, and appears to be indigenous. 
Formerly there were considerable plantations of this tree in England, particularly on the chalk 
hills of Surry. Mr. Evelyn instances those of Sir Richard Stidolph near Leatherhead; Sir Robert 
Clayton's at Morden near Godstone, once belonging to Sir John Evelyn; and about Carshaiton, 
where many thousands of these trees celebra/te the industry of the owners, and will certainly reward 
it with infinite improvement, besides the ornament which they afford to those pleasant tracts, for 
some miles in circumference.-)- 
Little use having been made of the wood of late years for furniture, the old trees that have been 
cut down have not been always replaced with young ones, and thus the plantations of this tree have 
gradually diminished. The wood is now principally used for making gun-stocks; and the fruit with 
us is only for deserts, or green in pickles: so that the call for this tree is not equal to what it 
was formerly. 
The English name of this tree and fruit has nothing to do with wall: it is Gaul-nut , whence we 
may conclude it came to us anciently from Gaul. The French call the tree Noyer, and the fruit 
Noix; as the Romans named it exclusively Nux. 
Species 2. White Walnut Tree. (Juglans Alba.) 
The leaves .of the White Walnut-tree, or Hickery Nut, as it is called in North America, where 
it is very common in most of the provinces, are composed of two or three pairs of oblong lobes, 
terminated by an odd one; these are of a light green, and serrate; the lower pair of lobes are the 
smallest, and the upper the largest. The fruit is shaped like the common Walnut, but the shell is 
not furrowed, and is of a light colour. 
Catesby says, it is usually a tall tree, and often grows to a large bulk, the body being from two 
to three feet diameter. The leaves differ from those of the common Walnut, not only in being ser¬ 
rated, but in being narrower and sharper pointed. In October, when the nuts are ripe, the outer 
shell opens and divides in quarters, disclosing the nut, the shell of which is thick, not easily broke 
but with a hammer. The kernel is sweet and well tasted; the Indians draw from it a wholesome 
and pleasant oil, and store up the nuts for winter provision. Hogs and many wild animals receive 
great benefit from them. The wood is coarse-grained, yet of much use for many things belonging 
to agriculture. Of the saplings or young trees are made the best hoops for tobacco, rice, and tar 
barrels. For the fire no wood in the northern parts of America is so much in request. The bark 
is deeply furrowed. 
Cultivated in 1699 by the Duchess of Beaufort.J 
Species 3. Black Walnut Tree. (Juglans Nigra.) 
The Black Virginia Walnut grows to a large size. The leaves are composed of five or six pairs 
of leaflets, which end in acute points and are serrate; the lower pair is the least, the others gradually 
* Sylva, 174, 175. 
•j Ibid. 176. 
J Hort. Kew. 
