493 
increase, but the pair at top and the terminating leaflet are smaller: these leaves when bruised emit 
a strong aromatic flavour, as does also the outer cover of the nuts, which is rough, and rounder than 
that of the Common Walnut. The shell is very hard and thick, and the kernel small. Catesby 
says, that it is very oily and rank tasted; when laid by however for some months it is eaten by 
Indians, squirrels, &c. He remarks, that the leaves are much narrower, as well as sharp pointed, 
than those of our Walnut, and not so smooth; that the thickness of the inner shell requires a ham¬ 
mer to break it; and that it seems to have taken its name from the colour of the wood, which 
approaches nearer to black than any other wood that affords so large timber, and therefore is 
esteemed for making cabinets, &c. 
Mr. Miller says that is the most valuable wood of all the sorts of Walnut, and that some of the 
trees are beautifully veined, and will take a good polish; that others however have very little beauty. 
He adds, that this is full as hardy as our common sort, and that there are some large trees of it in 
the Chelsea garden, which have produced great quantities of fruit upwards of forty years,* which 
have generally ripened so well as to grow; but the kernels being small, they are of little value on 
that account. It was cultivated in 1656, by Mr. John Tradescant, junior.J* 
Species 4. Oblong-fruited Walnut Tree . (Juglans Oblonga.) 
Nut oblong, acuminate, the colour of the common Walnut. It was raised from nuts brought 
from America by Kalm, and first bore fruit in 1774. It was supposed to be the J. nigra, but the 
colour and form of the fruit are different, and the leaves have no smell.J 
Species 5. Ash-coloured Walnut Tree . (Juglans Cine it a.) 
This grows to a large size. The leaves have seven or eight pairs of long heart-shaped leaflets, 
broad at their base, where they are divided into two round ears, but terminate in acute points; they 
are rougher and of a deeper green than those of the Black Walnut, and have nothing of the aro¬ 
matic scent which they have. The fruit is very long; the shell deeply furrowed and very hard; the 
kernel small but well flavoured. 
Native of North America. Cultivated in 1686, by Mr. John Tradescant, junior.§ The order 
of flowering, according to Jacquin, is, first J. regia , then cinerea , and lastly nigra in a few days after. 
The order of fruiting is different, for when the fruit of the common Walnut begins to drop on the 
eighth of September, the nigra follows at the end of the same month, and the cinerea not till after 
the beginning of October. 
Species 0. Flat fruited Walnut Tree . (Juglans Com press a.) 
This tree is of a middling stature. The leaves have three pairs of leaflets, of a dark green 
colour, ending in acute points. The fruit is oval; the shell white, hard and smooth; the kernel 
small, but very sweet. The young shoots are covered with a very smooth brownish bark, but the 
stems and older branches have a rough scaly bark, whence it has the appellation of Shagbark in 
America. 
* He says this in 1759* 
J Retzius. 
4 Hort. Kew. 
§ Hort. Kew. 
61 
