them in a common hot-bed frame, or to arch them over with hoops, and cover them with mats, 
exposing them always to the open air in mild weather. 
The following spring, just before the plants begin to shoot, they should be transplanted into 
nursery-beds, in a sheltered situation, where they are not too much exposed to the sun. The soil of 
these beds should be a soft gentle loam, not too stiff, nor over light; this should be well wrought, 
and the clods well broken, and made fine. There must be great care not to break the roots of the 
plants in taking them up, for they are very tender; they should be planted again as soon as possible, 
for if their roots are long out of the ground, they will be much injured thereby. These may be 
planted in rows at about a foot distance, and at six inches distance in the rows, for as they should 
not remain long in these nursery-beds, so this will be room enough for them to grow; and by having 
them so close, they may be shaded in the summer, or sheltered in the winter, with more ease than 
when they are farther apart. 
When the plants are thus planted, if the surface of the beds is covered with rotten tanners 9 bark, 
or with moss, it will prevent the earth from drying too fast, so that the plants will not require to be 
so often watered, as they must be where the ground is exposed to the sun and air; after this, the 
farther care will be to keep them clear from weeds, and if the latter part of summer should prove 
moist, it will occasion the plants growing late in autumn, so the tops will be tender, and liable to be 
killed in the first frosts. In this case, they sould be covered with mats to protect them. 
If the plants make great progress the first summer, they they may be transplanted again the fol¬ 
lowing spring; part of them may be planted in the places where they are to remain, and the other 
should be planted in a nursery where they may grow two or three years to acquire strength before 
they are planted out for good; though the younger they are planted in the places where they are to 
stand, the larger they will grow, for the roots run out into length, and when they are cut it greatly 
retards its growth, so that these trees should never be removed large, for they rarely succeed when 
they are grown to a large size before they are transplanted. Some trees I have seen removed pretty 
large, which have survived their removal, but young plants of two or three years old which were 
planted near them, were much larger in fifteen years than the old ones. 
When the seeds are sown upon a bed in the full ground, the bed should be arched over wdth 
hoops, and shaded in the heat of the day from the sun, and frequently refreshed with water; as also 
should the plants when they appear, for when they are exposed much to the sun they make but small 
progress. The care of these in summer must be to keep them clean from weeds, supplying them 
duly with water, and shading them from the sun in hot weather; but as these seeds w 7 ill not come 
up so soon as those which were placed in a hot-bed, they generally continue growing later in autumn, 
therefore will require shelter from the early frosts in autumn; for as the shoots of these will be much 
softer than those of the plants which had longer time to grow, so if the autumnal frosts should prove 
severe, they will be in danger of being killed down to the surface of the ground, by which the whole 
summer’s growth will be lost, and sometimes the plants are entirely killed by the frost the first win¬ 
ter, if they are not protected. 
As these plants will not have advanced so much in their growth as the other, they should remain 
in the seed-bed to have another year’s growth before they are removed, therefore all that will be 
necessary to observe the second year is to keep them clean from weeds; and now they will not be in 
so much danger of suffering from the warmth of the sun as before, therefore will not require such 
constant care to shade them; nor should the watering of them be continued longer than the spring, 
for if the autumn should prove dry, it will prevent the plants from shooting late, and harden those 
shoots which were made early in the year, whereby the plants will be in less danger from the early 
frosts. 
6 L 
