110 E. E. Oliver —Decline of the Sdmdnts and the Rise of the [No. 2, 
Khurasan and after Mas’ud’s time their chief strongholds were probably 
Bal]A on the east and Nishapur on the west, from whence their influence 
gradually extended, till some of their chiefs met the crusaders in Syria, 
but it seems doubtful if they were ever able to maintain themselves in 
Mawara-un-Nahr. The substance of power there remained with the 
Turkistan Khans, or their representatives. 
According to Major Raverty,* the eighth in order of succession 
was Kadr Khan, son of Yusuf, son of the Bu gh ra Khan-i-Harun but numis¬ 
matic evidence goes to show that more probably Yusuf was the son of 
’All, the brother of this Bughra. He is described as a prince of great 
justice and goodness and to have entered into a fresh treaty with Mah¬ 
mud. One authority, Gardezi, says, the complaints by the Musalmans 
against the Afrasiyab Khan ’Alitigin of Bukhara had reached Mahmiid 
at Balkh in 415, and he advanced to deliver them, upon hearing which 
Kadr Khan left Kashghar, met him at Samarkand and there arranged 
the treaty. Fasihi, however, puts the date at 419, about the time 
Mahmud seized Isra’il the Saljuk and sent him off to Kalinjar in India. 
In 417 two of Kadr Khan’s brothers, Kaya and Bughra, are stated to 
have sent envoys to Ghaznin proposing a matrimonial alliance. Mahmud 
replied it was not the custom to give the sisters and daughters of Musul- 
mans to infidels, but if they would become Muhammadans the matter 
would be considered. Subsequently it was agreed that his daughter 
Zainab should be betrothed to Yughantigin, afterwards Bughra Khan II, 
Kadr’s son; while the latter’s daughter was also to be betrothed to 
Mas’iid. Kadr Khan is shown as dying in 423 H. 
The IXth Arsalan Khan the second. Major Raverty calls the son of 
Bu gh ra Khan-i-Harun, and says at that time Arsalan was Lord of Kash¬ 
ghar, Khutan, Khujand, and Bilasa gh un. It is very unlikely, however, 
that a son of Bu gh ra’s would have been shut out of the succession for forty 
years, and on two or three of the coins now figured, the name of Arsalan 
is associated with Yusuf as a title or family name, and on one of those 
described by M. de Tiesenhausen (No. 32) the name reads Arsalan Tlak 
Yusuf bin ’Ali which would point to his being a possible brother of Kadr 
Khan (No. VIII). Some hostility arose between Arsalan and a Bu gh ra. 
also described as a brother, by whom he is made captive and imprisoned. 
This Arsalan is the person to whom Mas’iid of Ghaznin sent a despatch 
after the battle with the Saljuks at Dandankan a fort near Merv, in 
431 H.t 
* The account of the following Khans is mainly taken from Major Raverty’s 
notes to the Tahakat. 
t As before remarked there is an amount of uncertainty as to the identity of, 
these various Arsalans and Bughras. The first Arsalan, brother, of flak is shown 
