112 E. E. Oliver —Decline of the Sdmdnis and the Rise of the [^o. 2, 
The XVIth Mahmud Khan, son of an uncle of Ahmad, but of which 
uncle does not appear, succeeded both in Turkistan and Mawara-un-Kahr 
but in the year 490 H. Dabkiili-i-Tughan lOian. son of Kara Khan 
marched an army against him and slew him. 
Tiie XVIIth was Kadrkhan. or Kunduz Khan, bin ’Umr Khan, 
bin Ahmad lOian (No. XV). In 495 H. he invaded part of Khurasan, 
and in Shaban of the same year, Sanjar son of Sultan Malik Shah 
defeated him near Tirmiz and 23ut him to death. 
The XVIIIth Muhammad Khan, or Arsalan the third, by some called 
Ahmad, a son of a sister of Sanjar’s by Suliman bin Daud bin Bughra 
(No. X) and who for some time before had been in exile succeeded in 
495 H, In 523 Sayyid Ashraf the ’Alawi with the people of Samarkand 
rebelled against him and some say slew his son Nasr ; others that the 
two septs of Karlu gh iah and Grhuzz Turks who formed a large part of 
Arsalan’s army, combined with Nasr were induced by the Samarkandis to 
revolt, and the latter was executed. Arsalan had called upon his uncle 
Sanjar for aid, but suppressed the outbreak before any arrived, he had, 
however, fallen under suspicion of plotting against the Saljuki, and 
Sanjar advanced against Samarkand, took it in 524, and deported Arsalan 
to his brother-in-law, at Merv. Arsalan was restored to the throne by 
Sultan Sanjar in 526. The year of his death is not recorded. It is also 
noticeable that in 522 A gh uz the Chini with a vast horde invaded 
Kashghar. He was driven out, but the same authority speaks of his 
successor as the Gur Khan, a name that shortly became famous. 
The XIXth Hasantig^in bin ’AH bin ’Abd-ul Mumin, more com- 
monly called Abu-l-Ma’ali Kuliji- i-Tam gh aj. a man of the same family, 
was then raised to the throne by command of Sultan Sanjar but died 
shortly afterwards. 
The XXth Rukn-ud-din Mahmud Khan, bin Arsalan (No. XYIII) 
and great nephew of Sultan Sanjar, sometimes also called Khakan, was 
raised to the throne by his great uncle’s support in 526. In 531 he 
encountered the Gur khan of the Karakhitai in battle within the limits 
of Khujand, but was defeated and compelled to retire to Samarkand. 
Sultan Sanjar advanced with a large force to his assistance but was also 
defeated in 534, and about this time it may be said the suzerainty of 
Mawara-un-Nahr was transferred from the Saljuks to the tribes of Nor¬ 
thern Turks once more. Mahmud Khan forsaking his country and pos¬ 
sessions, went to Khurasan with Sultan Sanjar, and remained at his court 
till the latter was taken captive by the Ghuzz, when as a temporary mea¬ 
sure he was raised to the sovereignty of Khurasan. Shortly after Sanjar 
escaped and died in 552, when Mahmud had a stormy reign of 5^ years as 
nominal sovereign again, he was finally blinded by a former slave of 
Sanjar’s, Mu’ayyid-ud-din, and died in 558 H, 
