38 
K. B. Shaw— Stray Arlans in Tibet. [No. 1, 
and more barren country, instead of reaching the fertile plains to which a 
southerly course had formerly led their brethren, the Hindus. Here there¬ 
fore they remained, wedged in among alien populations, but connected with 
their starting point by the living trail of their passage. 
Note .—With reference to the question whether any and what degree 
of connection exists between the Dards and the Ghalchahs of the Upper 
Oxus (see my paper on the latter in the Asiatic Society Bengal, Journal 
1876),—it is curious to see that Mr. Drew from native (Dard) information 
classifies one of the Grhalchah tribes, the Wakhi (called by him JVdkhik or 
Goijal ) amongst the Dards. See Drew’s Jummoo and Kashmir, p. 457. 
The termination k of the word Wakhik is probably a mere Dardu affix, 
(cf. clostek, grestok for dost, grest). 
Dr. Leitner also (Dardistan, Yol. I, Part II, p. 24) says that Gojal is 
the name given by the Chilasis to the people between Hunza and Pamer on 
the Yarkand road. Kow these people are the Sariqoli Ghalchahs. He 
adds “ there are also Gojals under a Baja of Gojal on the Badakhshan 
road.” These can be no other than the JVaklii Ghalchahs, called by Mr. 
Drew also Goijal, and the idea suggests itself that perhaps Gojal may be 
the Dardu form of the name Ghalcha given to the same tribes by their 
Turki neighbours. It is formed by a mere inversion of the position of the 
latter two consonants, viz., /, and j or ch : for or (as 
Nucklow for Lucknoid). At any rate we see that there is an affinity asserted 
by the Dards between themselves and the Ghalchahs, those neighbours 
wh© seem to be, one the most primitive race of the Indian family and the 
other the most primitive of the Iranians. This assertion of affinity is, to 
some extent borne out by a comparison of the dialects (see Journal of 
Asiatic Society of Bengal, for 1876, Paper on the Ghalchah languages). 
Some Grammatical forms of the Dard dialects spoken by the D rok-pas of 
if) Dah-ILanu and of (ii) Drds. 
Sounds. 
There is no broad a, like aiv in pawn, as in some neighbouring dialects 
and languages. 
The accented a to be pronounced as in father ; unaccented a as in ordi¬ 
nary, oriental. 
