1878.] 
II. B. Shaw— Stray Arians in Tibet. 
45 
E. g. Tu-ya tin apsh mdra dotos = thou gavest thy horse to me. 
Where the verb agrees with the person of the person in the Dative. 
In short when there is both a direct object and a dative, one of which is 
the 1st person (Singular or Plural), the verb agrees with that person by 
preference, as 
E. g. So-ya mon gobd-ra dotos = He gave me to the head-man. 
and so-ya md-ra apsh eh dotos — He gave a horse to me. 
Where the 1st person (whether direct object as in the first example, 
or dative as in the second) governs the verb. 
But mi-ya miu apsli tisa-ra det = I gave my horse to thee. 
Brokpa Version of the 1st Story in Forbes’ Persian Grammar. 
Aflatun-ra eh mush-ya shunat : Tic hisliti-a-ru hatuh sar bat'd , 
Plato-to a man-by it-was-asked: tliou ship-to many years satest, 
tso-a-rii na-zito ye zit ? 
sea-to (wonderful) what was seen ? 
Ajlatun-ya razit : tso-a harang mi-ya na-zito zit 
Plato by it-was-said: of the sea this me-by wonderful was seen 
mon tralobo pd-r niipddos. 
I safely side-to arrived. 
Analysis : Of the verbs, shunat is the Past Tense Transitive answering 
to the typical hutet , with its subject mush-ya in the Instrumentative case. 
Sato is 2nd Person Sing, of the Past tense of an Intransitive verb, thus 
answering to the form go of the specimen verb given above. Kishti- 
a-ru is dative, from hishti-d obi. crude form of hishti (a foreign word). 
Tsoa is oblique of tso (the Tibetan word for “ lake”). JVd-zito (lit. 
il not seen”) is negative of Past Participle of following verb (to see) ; 
zit is Past tense transitive agreeing with its object ye “ what” (i. e., not 
taking the termination in —os or ehs appropriated to the 1st persons 
sing, and plural); the instrumentative case of the agent, tu-ya , is under¬ 
stood. Uazit is the same form as slmndt , and so is zit which follows. 
Nupados seems at first sight abnormal, for “ to arrive” is an intransitive 
verb, and yet it has taken the form peculiar to the Past of transitive 
verbs. But in reality it is quite normal: only the Brokpa verb means 
“ to cause to arrive” (P. rasanidan) . E. g. mi-ya ddh nupat “ I delivered 
the post” (lit. £ by me the post was caused to arrive’). Thus mon . 
niipddos of the text, is literally : “ I .. ... was caused to arrive” or, as we 
should say: “I arrived.” The full form would be: Kishti-ya mon 
niipddos (lit. by the ship I was caused to arrive) “ the ship caused me to 
arrive.” • ..... 
But although this Past tense of Transitive Verbs so much resembles 
a Passive in construction, yet there is as much distinction kept up in the 
