53 
1878.] 
E. 
B. Shaw— Stray Arians 
in Tibet. 
PI. 1. 
be galezto 
be galaseto 
if we had gone 
2. 
tso galetto 
tsa galateto 
if ye had gone 
3. 
re gielto 
ra galato 
if they had gone 
Masc. 
Fern. 
English. 
PI. 1. 
be galezto 
be galaseto 
if we had gone 
2. 
too galetto 
tsa galateto 
if ye had gone 
3. 
re gietto 
ta galato 
if they had gone 
Probably all these tenses (Imperfect or Past, Perfect, and Pluperfect) 
are compounded of some auxiliary verb-tense running as follows (there is 
actually such a verb meaning “ I came, &c.”) : 
Masc. 
Fern. 
Masc. 
Fern. 
albs . 
. alls 
PI. 
ales . 
. a lies 
alo . 
alet . 
. aliet 
alo . 
. alie 
ale . 
. alie 
to which are prefixed the various verbal stems or complete verb tenses, per¬ 
son for person. In many cases the combination has subsequently suffered 
from elision. 
JE. g., bil-alos, &c., would be an uneorrupted example. The stem and 
the auxiliary tense are both perfect, and the former does not vary with the 
persons. 
In galos, goto, &c., the verb root (probably go) has suffered its vowel to 
coalesce with the initial vowel of the auxiliary. 
In bozum-alos, boz-alo, &c., the auxiliary has destroyed the final syllables 
of the verb tense, excepting in the 1st pers. Sing, and the 3rd pers. Plural. 
In asilos, bilos, &c., the initial vowel of the auxiliary has itself suffered 
alteration from the pressure of the verb-root before it. 
In the root as (of asilos “ I was”), and the root bi or be (of bilos ? bi- 
alos , “ I have become”), we have perhaps representatives of the universal 
Arian roots, bhu and as for the idea of “ being” or “ existence.” 
In some verbs the terminations are os, -o, -o. 
If again we subdivide the auxiliary tense albs, &c., into its root al 
and its terminations -os, -o, -o, es, - et, and -e, it would appear that it was by 
the addition of these latter to the Present Future Tense, that the Present 
Tense was formed : 
E. g. Pr. Fut. Tense. Termn. Present Tense. Pr. Fut. Tense. Termn, Present Tense. 
bozum. os ... bozumus. 
• • 
boze. o ... bozao (n). 
bozei . o ... bozeu (n). 
bozon. es bozonas. 
• • 
bozat. et . bozat. 
• • 
bozen. e . bozena. 
• • 
Transitive Verbs are conjugated like intransitive ones. But they 
show traces of the quasi-Passive formation with the subject in the Instru- 
mentative Case, such as we find in the Past Tenses in Hindustani and in 
