R. B. Shaw —Stray Arians in Tibet. 
[No. 1, 
51 
the Dard dialect of Dah-Hanu (see above). As in the latter, the subject 
takes a special form in the Past tenses, the singular taking an affix or 
termination, generally - i , and fhe Plural -za (cf. Dah-Hanu -yet); but unlike 
in that dialect the verb agrees with its proper subject (in the Instrumenta- 
tive case) and not with its object. In the other Tenses the subject takes 
the affix -sa as in the Dah-Hanu dialect. This in both, dialects is now a 
simple variety of the nominative. 
These facts I think corroborate the hypothesis that the Dah-Hanu 
people formed an earlier migration than the Dras Dards. For they retain 
most fully the quasi-Passive formation of the Past of Transitive Verbs, 
which we find again in the Indian dialects (from which they had less op¬ 
portunity of borrowing than the Dras people had). It was therefore 
perhaps an early Dard formation of which all but slight traces have been 
lost by the later Dards. 
The Teansitive Veeb “ to strike.” 
Infinitive and Supine = kutino “ to strike” and “ in order to strike.” 
= Icutiokuni “ in striking.” 
Imperative : kute “ strike.” 
Verbal Adjectives : kutiensto “ striking,” kuteta and kutetato “ having 
struck.” 
Present. 
Masc. 
S. 1. mon-sa kutemus 
2. tu-sa kutaon 
3. ro-sa kuteno or kuteun 
PI. 1. be-sa kutonas 
2. tso-sa kutiat 
3. re-sa kutena (or kuty- 
ona. 
Fern. 
mon-sa kute mis 
tu-sa kutan (?) 
re-sa kuteni 
be-sa kutonas 
tsa-sa kutiat 
ra-sa kuteiii (?) 
English. 
I am striking 
thou art striking 
he, she is striking 
we are striking 
ye are striking 
they are striking 
Present Future. 
S. 1. mon-sa kutem 
2. tu-sa kutez or kute 
3. ro-sa kutei 
PI. 1. be-sa kuton 
2. tso-sa kutiat 
3. re-sa kuten 
. I strike or shall strike 
. thou strikest or wilt strike 
re-sa kutii he, she strikes or will strike 
. we strike or shall strike 
. ye strike or will strike 
ra-sa kuteni they strike or will strike 
Compound Future. 
S. 1. mon-sa kutiono bans mon-sa kutiono hanis I am to strike 
2. tu-sa kutiono haon tu-sa kutiono Jiani thou art to strike 
3. ro-sa kutib?io haon re-sa kutiono hani he, she is to strike 
