1S78.] J. T. "Walker —■Recent Trans-Frontier Explorations. 79 
This work done, he proceeded, in accordance with his instructions, to 
Yasin, marching through the Gilghit Valley, but not surveying it, because 
the labours of the lamented Hayward, who was murdered at Yasin, already 
furnished us with a good map of that region. From Yasin he surveyed the 
southern route to Mastuj through the Ghizar and Sar Laspur A"alleys ; this 
has furnished an important rectification of a route which had hitherto been 
laid down from conjecture only, and very erroneously ; for the road, instead 
of proceeding in a tolerably straight direction from Yasin to Mastuj, as was 
supposed, turns suddenly from south-west to north-north-east at Sar Las¬ 
pur, which is situated at some distance to the south of the direct line, in a 
valley lying parallel to the valley of Chitral. At Mastuj the Mulla 
struck on to his survey of the route from Jalalabad, via Dir and Chitral, to 
Sarhadd-i-Wakhan, in 1873, and then proceeded along that route towards 
the Baroghil Pass, as far as the junction of the Gazan with the Yarkun 
Liver, and then along the northern road from Mastuj to Yasin. This 
road turns up the Gazan Valley, crosses the Tui ar Moshabar Pass—which 
is conjectured to be probably not less than 16,000 feet in height—and, after 
traversing a deep crevassed glacier for a distance of about eight miles, 
reaches the point where the Tui Liver issues in great volume from the 
glacier ; the road then follows the course of the river down to its junction 
with the AVarchagam Liver, a few miles above Yasin. 
Leturning to Sar Laspur, the Mulla next surveyed the route to the 
south-west, up the valley leading to the Tal Pass. This pass is situated on 
a plateau of the range which connects the mountains on the western 
boundary of the valley of the Indus with those on the eastern boundary of 
the valley of Chitral, and is generally known by the people of the country 
as the Kohistan. The sources and most of the principal affluents of the 
Swat and the Panjkora rivers take their rise in this region, all the most 
commanding peaks of which were fixed by Captain Carter’s triangulation ; 
but of the general lie of the valleys relatively to the peaks, nothing 
at all definite has been known hitherto. The Mulla has done much 
to elucidate the geography of this region. On crossing the Tal plateau he 
descended into the Panjkora Valley, and traversed its entire length down 
to Dodbah, at the junction of the Dir river with the Panjkora, where he 
again struck on his route survey of 1873. 
It would have been well if he could then have gone done the Panjkora 
to its junction with the Swat Liver, but circumstances prevented him from 
doing so. He therefore travelled along the Havildar’s route of 1868 as 
far as Miankalai, and then surveyed the road to Nawagai and on to Pashat 
in the valley of Kunar j and finally, returning to Nawagai, he surveyed the 
road from there down to the British fort of Abazai. 
