2G5 
1878.] W. Irvine— The JBangash JVawdbs of Farrukhabad. 
wrote daily some composition for his teacher’s correction. Mir Makhu 
Fakir was engaged to teach him writing. A few books on grammar and 
physic were read and the whole word of God ; to this was added some 
arithmetic. It was also his habit to visit the holy and religions men of 
that time, whom he names. Once Hafiz Ghulam Muhammad condescended 
to go over a chapter of the Kuran with him. 
When Bahadur ’Ali had completed his twelfth year, his uncle Hashmat 
’Ali came home from Lakhnau. He had lived in that city for fifteen years 
as a teacher in the family of Lala Lachman Singh and Lala Budh Singh, 
Sarsut Brahmans, employed in the service of Rajah Tikait Rae, Naib. In 
1207 H. (Aug. 1792—Aug. 1793) Hashmat ’Ali, taking Bahadur ’Ali with 
him, returned to Lakhnau. The boy was made over to Mir Sajid ’Ali, a 
great friend of his uncle’s, who followed the profession of a teacher. After a 
year had passed, Bahadur ’Ali was sent to read grammar with Maulvi Kamal 
Ahmad Shahjahanpuri ; and in order to gain an acquaintance with the 
poets, he frequented Maulvi Pir ’Ali Rasulpuri. For a short time he also 
attended Maulvi Ghulam Muhammad, Faik, Amethawi, who conferred on 
him the poetical title of JSTur. A desire to write poetry having sprung up 
in him, he asked his uncle to introduce him to Miyan Ghulam Hamdani 
Mashafi, whose instructions he followed for several years. Here he took 
the names of Gar dish and JVamik. It was at this time that he wrote a 
Persian diiodn entitled Juwala-i- Ishk. He also attended the poetical 
assemblies held every fortnight at the houses of Miyan Jurat, Inshallah 
Khan, Mir Takki, Miyan Mashafi, Shahzadah Sulaiman Shikoh, Miyan 
Muntazar and others. On these occasions he recited ghazals under both 
the above titles in Persian and Urdu. 
For the eleven years, ending in 1217, H. (May 1802—April 1803) , 
which he spent in Lakhnau, Bahadur ’Ali to provide for his own support 
worked as a teacher at various places. He was also for a time a trooper 
in the Nawab Wazir’s service, in the time of Asaf-ud-daula (1775—1798) 
and Sa’dat ’Ali Khan (1798—1813). Farrukhabad having been taken over 
by the English, Bahadur ’Ali returned to his home in the end of 1217, H. 
and for a long period supported himself as a teacher. At length he was 
appointed tutor to Rajah Jaswant Singh, Baghela Thakur, of Tirwa in the 
south-east of the Farrukhabad district, on a salary of Rs. 8 a month, plus 
the food of two persons, besides presents. Through the Rajah’s influence 
he obtained the appointment of Thanadar of Chibramau, which he held for 
two years. Afterwards, at the Rajah’s request, he acted as Wakil for him 
and his brother, Kunwar Pitam Singh, at Mainpuri, Bareli, and Fathgarlq 
in the office of the Collector, the Civil Courts, the Revenue Board’s Office, 
and the Court of Appeal. 
