1878.] W. Irvine —The Bangash Nawab s of T'arruhhdbdd. 279 
ditch as deep as the height of a man, and set up twenty earthen bastions. 
These, in 1839, could still be traced, though even then they had fallen out 
of repair. Not a vestige now remains. The same chela also built a palace, 
a mosque, and a hall of audience. The palace was called the Bara Mahal. 
In 1839 only the Barahdari was left, the rest of the site was occupied by 
the private garden of Mukhtar Mahal, widow of the deceased Nawab Shau- 
kat Jang. -The mosque was known as the “ Bari Masjid,” and the audience 
hall was called the “ Bara Diwan-Khana.” This latter was demolished by 
Nawab Muzaffar Jang (1771—1798) ; and Nawab Nasir Jang (1766—1813) 
built a dwelling-house (kothi) on the spot. There were several shops of 
petty traders within the fort, but at first there were no other buildings except 
the above. After the mutiny, the Nawab’s palace was entirely dismantled ; 
and beyond a small mosque, which may be the one referred to, there is not 
a trace left of any building in existence at the time of the mutiny. 
There were twelve gates to the city : 1, Kutb gate ; 2, Paen gate (also 
called the Husaini gate) ; 3, Ganga gate ; 4, Amethi gate ; 5, Kadiri gate ; 
6, Lai gate ; 7, Madar gate ; 8, Dhalawal gate ; 9, Khandiya gate ; 10, Jasmai 
gate ; 11, Taraen gate ; 12, Mau gate. The first, eighth, and eleventh are now 
closed; Amethi, Dhalawal and Jasmai are the names of adjoining villages; 
the other names explain themselves. 
To seven of the gates, sarais were attached, so that from whatever 
direction a traveller arrived, he might find a convenient resting-place. The 
Mau sarai near the gate of that name, was erected by the Bibi Sahiba, the 
Nawab’s wife. A sarai at the Jasmai gate was half built, then knocked 
down ; the land was owned (1839) by the sons of Nawab Azim Khan ; at 
the Madar gate was a brick-built sarai, where now stands the Madar bari built 
by Nawab Muzaffar Jang, which, in 1839, was occupied by the son of Mu¬ 
hammad ’Ali Khan, alias Bulaki, son of Dildaler Khan and nephew of Mu¬ 
zaffar Jang. There was also a brick sarai at the Amethi gate opposite the 
Anguri bagh ; this the Nawab’s descendants have demolished, and they 
have sold the materials, the site is used for the sale of wood and thatching- 
grass. A substantial sarai was also built near the Lai gate, which we Eng¬ 
lish have taken to pieces and rebuilt after our own fashion.* 
At each gate were stationed five hundred armed men and two guns, 
one on each side. The Nawab’s sons and slaves (Khanazads), who had 
troops in their pay, were allotted places of abode round the outer part of 
the city. It was intended that money-changers, merchants, and the work¬ 
ing-classes generally, should occupy the centre. The whole was surrounded 
by an earthen wall. For each of his twenty-two sons, Muhammad Khan 
built a brick fort and women’s apartments. At each house he planted a 
private garden (Khana bagh) surrounded with a high wall. Round the city 
* This was done by Mr. Newnham, Collector, in 1825. 
