1895.] 
E. Mockler — Origin of the Baloch. 
31 
they travelled between “earth and heaven.” The name of not one 
single place between Aleppo and Makran, as having been halted at by 
the 40,000 Rinds who are said to have left “ Alaf” in a body is pre¬ 
served, so far as I am aware, in any tradition in the whole country, 
although, from the Western border of Makran itself, from the seacoast 
to some 150 miles inland, their movements eastwards are minutely 
recorded in various ballads and oral traditions. These Rinds claim to 
be the true Baloch, and to one of their ancestors named Jalal Khan, 
or rather to one of his sons, whose names are made to suit the exigen¬ 
cies of each clan, the pedigree-makers of almost every clan in Makran, 
claiming to be respectable, are pretty certain to trace their clans’s 
descent. Pottinger records the fact that, in his day the Brahuis (who 
are Dravidian Cushites) claimed descent from the earliest Muhamma¬ 
dan invaders of Persia, by whom the Rinds are doubtless intended. 
The Kalmatis of Kalmat (the Kalama of Arian and others) 
make a man named Kalmat their ancestor, a Rind, and one of the 
four sons of Jalal Khan. Some of the genealogists of the great Hot 
or Ot tribe also, whom I identify with the Utii of the army of 
Xerxes ('though many in the tribe, and most out of it, deny any con¬ 
nection with the Rinds, except in a few families by marriage,) say that 
a man named Hot (sometimes called Not, sometimes Notbandag) was 
their ancestor, was one of the four sons of Jalal Khan, and was a Rind. 
That some families in most of the Baloch clans, in nearly all, perhaps, 
are related by marriage to the Rinds is quite possible as will hereafter 
become apparent; but I doubt if very free intermarriage between many 
clans and them, has at any time been prevalent. 
Among the earliest mention of Makran and the Baloch with which 
I am acquainted are various passages in the Shah-nama of FirdusI 
(compiled about A. 1). 1000 by command of King Mahmud of Ghazni, 
who is said to have ordered all available resources to be placed at the 
disposal of the author) in which it is stated that Kai Khusru (about 
B. C. 550) King of Persia passed through Makran and killed the king 
of the country, also that Naushlrwan (about A. D. 550) inflicted punish¬ 
ment on the Baloch. Bilathurl who is said to have died in A. H. 279, 
mentions that a tribe called the “ Qufs ” aided the people of Kirman 
against the Arab marauders. 
Tabara who wrote in A. H. 308, also relates that the people of 
Kirman asked aid of a people called by the Arabs Q u f? and by 
the Persians Kiij or Koj 
“Kufij”) 
Ibn Haukal who appears to have written in A. H. 360, and of whose 
work there are, it is said, only two copies in Europe, writes “ to the 
(of which there is also a reading ^ 
