92 H. G. Raverty— Tibbat three hundred and sixty-five years ago . [No. 2, 
50,000 families, 1 and like this tribe there are several others. The 
writer has made inquiry among the most trustworthy persons among 
them, respecting the number of these Canbahs or nomads, and their 
answer was, that they were unable to say, for that God alone knew the 
number of them. 
“ The dwellers in villages, or sedentary people, who are styled 
Bol-pa, are distributed among certain territories, such for example as 
Baltl, which is one of the territories of Tibbat, and that comprehends 
several other [smaller] territories or districts such as Purlk and Habu- 
lah, and Shiga, and Skardu or Iskardu, and Ladaqs. 2 Each of these 
contain forts, stations, and villages (with their lands). Those parts of 
the region of Tibbat which I have myself seen, the greater number of 
which were either taken by force of arms, or were acquired possession 
of after some endeavours by voluntary surrender, are some parts of 
Balti, Zan-skar, Mar-yol, 3 Yudaq, Kokah, Lo, Poras, Rongah, Mankab, 
Zirsu or Zersu, Kangar, Nisan or Naisan, Yam, Ala, Lae Long, Tok-o- 
Labok, Asbarak or Asabarak, the whole of which I have traversed. 
From Asbarak people proceed to Bangalah in twenty-four stages; and 
Ursang lies east of Asbarak, and Bangalah lies south of it. Hrsang is 
the place to which throughout Khitae and Tibbat, they turn to, to pray, 
and is the most sacred temple of those people. What the writer has 
heard concerning it, being impossible of verification by him, is conse¬ 
quently not recorded, and possibly most of it is untrue. In short, it 
is the seat of learning, and city of the monks of Khitae and Tibbat. 
In explanation of the wonders of, and different places in, Tibbat. 
“ Of this region of Tibbat which I have myself seen, the manners 
and customs of its people are after such a fashion, that, notwithstand¬ 
ing I much desire to give a full description of them, I find it impossible 
to do so. However, I will record some of the astonishing things which 
I have beheld, or which, time after time, have been verified in my pre¬ 
sence, on account of their strangeness. Among these, one is the gold 
mines. In most places frequented by the Canbahs there are gold mines ; 
indeed in most of the Tibbat territory there is gold. Among these are 
two wonderful mines. One is in what is called Altun-ci Tibbat by the 
1 The people called the white and black tent nomads in the Index to the revised 
sheets of A—K’s explorations are, donbtless, the Canbahs here noticed. 
2 The Tibbatls, in their writings, spell this word much the same as Mlrza 
Ilaidar — “ Ladag” and“Ladvags” (the last letter in italics not being sounded; 
and they call the fort thereof “ /Sles-wkhar.” 
8 Mis-called, as usual, in the best maps even, “ Marol,” and in some others 
“Malial.” 
