98 H. G. Raverty —Tibbat three hundred and sixty-jive years ago. [No. 2, 
“ In Kashghar, as well as in Tibbat, the Qutds-i-Sahrde [or wild 
ydlc] is found, which is a formidable animal and a dangerous. 1 When 
it gets at a person, whether it butts with its horns, and gores him, or 
whether it kicks out at him, or gets the person under it, it is the cause 
of that person’s destruction; or whether, not having time enough for 
this, it merely gives him a toss which sends him twenty gaz (ells) up 
into the air, he is hardly likely to live after falling from such a height. 
One Qutas bull is sufficient load for twelve horses ; and one person can 
in no wise lift its shoulder blade. I killed a Qutas at the time of 
making a certain raid, and divided the flesh among seventy persons, and 
each one had sufficient flesh to last him for a period of four days. 
These animals are not found anywhere else save in the region of 
Tibbat.” 
The Author is despatched on an Expedition against the Infidels 
of Tibbat. 
After expatiating on the advantages of holy warfare against infidels 
to the orthodox Musalman, the author says : “ I set out from Kash gh ar 
on this expedition in Zi Hijjah (the last month) of the year 933 H. (the 
latter half of August, 1531 A.D.). As I have previously mentioned, 
the northern boundary of Tibbat, that is in other words, Balti, termi¬ 
nates at Bilaur and Badakhshan. On its winter eastern side is the 
dynasty. Da Halde tells us that in the third year of his reign (1441 A.D.) he 
issued an edict prohibiting all persons from doing honours to Confucius in the 
temples of the idols. 
In his sixth year (1444 A.D.) he marched an army against the Tartars f Mu gh al a 
rather] on the other side of the great wall. He was, however, entirely defeated, 
and taken prisoner, and carried away into Muglialistan. He is the Tihg-thun of the 
Lamah quoted below. 
According to the statement of the Lamah, “ Sum-pa Khan-po,” whose life is 
given by Babu Qarat Candra Das, in J. A. S. B. for 1889, page 63, the third 
Ming emperor was called Tai Ming (Yemglo), who ascended the throne in 1402 A.D., 
but he does not give the year of his death, or that of other emperors : he merely 
gives the date of their successors’ ascending the throne. The fourth Ming emperor, 
Hunshi, according to the Lamah, ascended the throne in 1424 A.D. 
This Tai Ming is the same potentate who sent an embassy to Sultan Shah Rukh 
Mirza in 816 H. (1413-14 A.D.), with a letter, who is called Dae Ming by the his¬ 
torians of Shah Bukh’s reign. The latter sent a return embassy with a long and 
interesting letter in reply to that of the Ming emperor. 
1 The Amir, Nasiru-d-din, Sabuk-Tigin, father of Sultan Mahmud of Ghaznih, 
was nick-named by his comrades the Qard BujJcum or Black Ghajz-gao , which words 
are respectively Turkish and old Persian for the wild Yak of Tibbat and adjacent 
parts. Black here refers, not to colour, but ferocity, and such as Mirza Haidar 
describes above. 
