122 H. G. Raverty— Tibhat three hundred and sixty-five years ago. [No. 2, 
call Lambab [Lhasa, ?], where is the temple or place of worship of the 
people of Qalmaq [Qal-I-maq], and an assemblage of Brahmans [! Bud¬ 
dhists he must mean]. Some relate that the tdbut [bier or coffin] of 
Mani, the Naqqash, 1 * * 4 is preserved there. This territory of Lambah is 
in the possession of the Badshah of Khita; and in it dwell people who 
are nomads, and live in khargdhs [felt tents] in the open country and 
uncultivated tracts, who possess a vast number of sheep and goats. 
Their goats are of large size, and their pashm abundant, like unto 
the sheep of this country [the country where he wrote]. In the month 
of tir [June], the shepherds dig up zedoary from the ground in the moun¬ 
tains and wilds ; and rhubarb, and mamiran [a root yielding a yellow 
dye] are also brought from that part. There is a class of people, who 
having clubbed together, go out into the different mountain districts of 
this territory with their sheep, and from every here and there buy up 
the tibbat or pashm of the goats, from half a huqqali (a fardel or parcel) 
to ten huqqahs, and purchase the male goats also that the natives have 
to sell. Having put the pashm into saddle-bags, they fasten them on 
to their sheep; and in this way, in the course of two months, collecting 
pashm from different places, they manage to load a thousand sheep or 
more.” 
1 The name of a celebrated painter who lived in the time of Ard-shir, but 
some say, and more correctly so, in the time of Bahram Shah, ruler of Iran Zamin, and 
who appeared in the world after the time of our Saviour upon earth, and gave 
himself out to be an apostle, upon which Hurmuz Shah, son of Bahram, put him 
to death. 
Another account is, that Mani appeared in the world in the middle of the third 
century, and gave out that he was the paraclete or comforter promised by our Lord 
Jesus Christ, and soon founded a numerous sect. The ruler of Iran Zamin ordered 
him to be seized, upon which he fled into the country of the Turks (which includes 
Mughals aad Tattars). His religion was a mixture of Magian, Hindu, and Christian 
tenets; and among his followers were even Christian patriarchs and bishops. His 
sect were, from his name, known in Europe as Manicheans. 
4 
