192 
C. J. Rodgers — Mogul Copper Coins. 
[No. 2, 
remembered that before the advent of tlie copper coinage of the East 
India Company, the coins we have been describing were current in 
the country. But besides these there were what are now called Mansur! 
pice also current. These are still to the fore in many Native towns. 
They are simply uncoined lumps of copper. It was time one great 
power rose in India to give the Empire a uniform coinage, one that 
would enable India to be an empire where extensive commerce could 
be carried on. 
We have not seen the names of many mints. We will put them 
down all together here :—Ahmadabad, Agra, Bairat, Qandahar, Kabul, 
Ajmir, Dehll, Patna, Multan, Labor, Surat, Udaipur, Ujain, Shahjaha- 
nabad, Narnol, Haidarabad, Sholapur, Kulburga, Bijapur, Elicpur, 
Lucknow, Akbarabad, Mailapur, Cuttack, Hafizabad, ‘Azimabad, Pesha- 
wur, Jhansi, Damla, Nahan, Farrukhnagar, Husainabad, Najibad, Saha- 
ranpur, Mominabad, Gwaliyar, Bindraban, Bhartpur, Alwar, Kalanaur, 
Fathpur, Calcutta and Nagar. These are 42 in number. There were 
several I could not make out. These raise the numbers to about 50. 
We know from catalogues lately published that there are many other 
copper coins of the Moguls from other mints. These mints show that 
during the time of the Mogul Empire Copper Coins were struck all 
over India from Cuttack and Calcutta in the East to Kabul and Qanda¬ 
har in the West, from Peshawur in the north to Haidarabad, Sholapur 
and Mailapur in the South. 
Of course the subject of the Copper Coins of the Moguls has not 
been a matter of study for a long time. My paper on Copper Coins of 
Akbar, published in this Journal in 1880, drew attention to it. Mr. E. E. 
Oliver followed with an excellent paper on coins from one odd find 
made by him in one of his official tours. In 1885 I gave “ Some more 
Copper Coins of Akbar ” in this Journal. In 1890 I wrote a paper 
for the Indian Antiquary on “ Rare Copper Coins of Akbar.” In the 
“ Catalogue of Mogul and Surl coins purchased by the Panjab Govern¬ 
ment from me, and now in the Lahore Museum,” I gave 485 Mogul 
Copper Coins. There are unfortunately no plates in that catalogue. 
I have not indented on the coins in the Lahore Museum extensively in 
order to give the coins in this paper. Some of Jahangir, Muhammad 
Shah and ‘Alamglr I and II and of Akbar II, I wanted to give and I 
obtained the loan of them. 
There is still an open field for the numismatic student. The 
bazars of India can now be reached by railway. The exertions of my 
esteemed correspondents in Ahmadabad, Bombay and Poona have shown 
me that in Western India alone we have an enormous field open to us. 
In a letter from my friend Dr. Yost, he says that he has made several 
