1895.] 
C. J. Rodgers — Mogul Copper Coins. 
discoveries of new tilings of Akbar’s. The conviction is borne upon 
me that Akbar coined so very extensively that there was not much 
need for his successors to do much towards supplying a copper currency. 
We h ave seen however that coins of Jahangir, Shah jahan, Aurangzeb, Shah 
‘Alam I, Jahandar Shah, Farrukhsiyar, Rafl‘u-d-darajat, Muhammad 
Shah, Ahmad Shah, ‘Alamgir II, Shah ‘Alam II, and Akbar II, are 
known. Jahangir’s copper coins are very plentiful in Ahmadabad, 
Aurangzeb’s abound in the Panjab .bazars. Of such kings as Jahandar 
Shah and Rafi‘n-d-darajat we cannot expect many coins in copper. But 
I know that my esteemed friend Mr. King of Peshawar has a beautiful 
duplicate of Jahandar from the Kabul mint and one of Rafl‘u-d- 
darajat from the Elicpur mint. 
Now that Indian numismatists have begun to work at the Copper 
Coins of the Mogul Empire, they will, I doubt not, bearing in mind 
that the copper coins were the currency of the masses, accumulate 
much information. I am a fixture in Amritsar, too poor to travel and 
hence my discoveries are nil. But I am certain that as yet we are only 
on the shore of the ocean. There is much more In store for us than 
what we have found cast up on the strand. We must dive deep down 
and we shall be rewarded far beyond what we have as yet dreamt of. 
I commend the subject to my fellow workers. 
In conclusion I must apologize for the utter want of order in the 
coins given in the plates. I cannot get coins to come to me in order. 
One friend sends me one lot, another a second : I go to the bazar and 
perhaps fish up one or two more. A dealer drops in and I obtain from 
him at a ruinous price a specimen or two. When the coins are in my 
hands I draw them. My time is pretty fully occupied and I cannot 
redraw them. Hence I am compelled to give the coins in the order in 
which I obtain them. It is gratifying to me to know that my past 
efforts have been appreciated. I trust that with all its faults this paper 
may be of some use and at any rate help to deepen the interest felt in 
the subject of the Copper Coinage of the Moguls—the coinage in use 
by the masses of a vast Empire for about three centuries. 
J. !. 25 
