1895.] F. E. Pargiter —Ancient Cedi, Matsya , and Kariisa. 251 
Matsya, Pancala and furasena (ibid., 19). Now Kuru-ksetra, it is well- 
known, was the land south of the Drsad-vati; Pancala comprised 
the middle portion of the Granges and Jumna Doab; and fTirasena 
was the country around Mathura, the modern Muttra. Matsya as part 
of Brahmarsi-de^a touched Kuru-ksetra on the south and ffarasena on 
the west. This will appear from the following references. 
Matsya lay southward from Kliandava-prastha or Indra-prastha, 
for the first two countries which Salia-deva conquered in his Expedition 
to the Southern region were ^urasena and Matsya (Sabha-p., xxx. 
1105-6). Its position to the west of Qurasena is also brought out clearly 
by the description of the Pandavas’ journey to the court of Virata king 
of Matsya, when they had resolved on spending their last year of exile 
in concealment there; for crossing the Kalindi or Yamuna in the south 
portion of the Doab, they travelled north-westward, passing north of the 
Da^arnas and south of the Pancalas and then through the Yakrllomas 
and Curasenas into Matsya (Virata-p., v. 141-5). 
These indications entirely bear out Cunningham’s statement that 
Matsya was the country west of Agra and north of the R. Chambal 
(Rep. Arch. Surv. II. p. 242 ; and XX. p. 2 and Plate I) ; though 
it would perhaps be a little more precise to say Matsya comprised 
the modern State of Alwar with the country around it, and stretched 
southward as far as the R. Chambal, for it touched Cedi there. 
South of Matsya were certain people called Apara-Matsyas (Sabha-p., 
xxx. 1108), and they very probably occupied the hilly tract on the 
north bank of that river, that is, they were the inhabitants of the 
southern portion of Matsya. 
Such being the position of Matsya, it appears plain how there could 
have been frequent raids between Matsya and Trigarta which lay on 
the north of Bralimavarta (Virata-p., xxx) ; and how the Pandavas, 
when wandering about in the forests after they had been burnt out of 
Varanavata (Adi-p., cxlviii.), visitedt he Matsyas, Trigartas, Pancalas 
and Klcakas, which were the nations that surrounded the Kurus (id., 
clvi. 6084-7); and again how, when Qalya king of Madra (the capital 
of which, pakala, was in the Rechna Doab between the rivers Clienab and 
Ravi — Sablia-p., xxxi. 1196-7; and Cunningham’s Arch Surv. Repts., 
II. pp. 192-6) was marching to see the Pandavas in Matsya at the 
beginning of the great war, Duryodliana had time to hear the news at 
Hastina-pura and get an interview with him on the way, (Udyoga- 
p., vii). 
The mention of the Matsyas in the description of Bhima’s con¬ 
quests in the East region (Sabha-p., xxix. 1081-2) is no doubt a 
mistake; -whether it is a mistake for Vatsa, which was the country at 
