256 
F. E. Pargiter —Ancient Cedi, Matsya , and Karusa. [No. 3, 
(Bhisma-p., lvi. 2415) ; with Cedi and Ka<p as already mentioned ; and 
with the Yatsyas or Vatsas (Drona-p., xi. 396) whose position has 
been stated above. Moreover king Danta- vakra acknowledged Jarasandha 
king of Magadha ( i.e ., the modern districts of Gaya and Patna) as 
his suzerain (Sabha-p., xiii. 575-7 ; and Hari-v., xci. 4963). Vi^va- 
mitra, when taking the youthful Rama to slay the YaksinI Tadaka, 
crossed from the R. Sarayu to the south of the Ganges and entered the 
modern district of Shahabad ; and said that that region had once been 
inhabited by the Malajas and Karusas (Ramay., Adi-k., xxvii. 8-23). 
Lastly Karusa is described in the Maha-bharata as a country not very 
accessible (Sabha-p., li. 1864): and the Marknndeya Purana says 
distinctly that Karusa is one of the countries touching the Vindhya Mts. 
which stretch from Malwa into Bihar (lvii. 52-53), and so also the 
Matsya Purana (cxiii. 51-52). 
Karusa therefore was a hilly country and lay south of Ka^ and 
Vatsa, between Cedi on the west and Magadha on the east, and 
enclosing the Kaimur hills which are part of the Yindliyas; that is 
it comprised all the hilly country of which Rewa is the centre, from 
about the river Ken on the west to the confines of Bihar on the east. 
It would have touched Cedi on its north-west and Da^rna on its west. 
The passage cited from the Ramayana suggests that the Karusas 
originally inhabited the Shahabad district and the region of the 
lower Sone, and had been driven out shortly before Rama’s time south¬ 
ward and south-westward into the hilly country which is shewn to 
have been their territory in the Pandavas’ time and afterwards; 
but as all the country was dense forest about Prayaga and Citra-kuta in 
Rama’s time (J. R. A. S., 1894, pp. 238-241), it may also be inferred 
that the Karusas had not then acquired all that territory, but were 
spreading westwards over it gradually. 
We may next notice the information which is to be gleaned regard¬ 
ing the dynasty which reigned over Cedi. It began with Yasu, who 
was surnamed Upari-cara, and who took possession of the country at 
Indra’s command (Adi-p., lxiii. 2334-5), From the description given 
of it, it appears to have been a flourishing land already; so that 
Yasu did not carve out a new realm, but must have invaded an attrac¬ 
tive country and possessed himself of the sovereignty of it, in commem¬ 
oration whereof he established a festival in Indra’s honour {ibid., 
2340-5 and 2361). He was not a Haihaya, but a Paurava as the first 
of these passages shews, though no further allusion is made to his 
parentage. There is some divergence as to the period when he lived. 
As father of Satya-vatl he would have been contemporary with Bhisma’s 
father £antanu or grand-father Pratlpa; yet the Hari-van^a also 
