1895.] Trevor Bomford — Language spoken in the Western Panjab. 293 
In India it is found in Western Panjabi and in Gujarati, though 
curiously enough it has quite disappeared from the intermediate; 
language of Sindh. It frequently occurs in the Sikh Granth 1 and is 
the regular form in Marwari. 
2. In the use of pronominal suffixes. These too are sparsely 
found in Panjabi proper. 
They are very common in Western Panjabi, but less so than in 
Sindhi where they are very much used, and extend into Kashmir, 
where their use is very wide. 
3. In the continued existence of a Passive Voice or rather the relics 
of one. Sindhi, Gujarati, and old Hindi still retain a Passive. 
4. In the greater frequency with which some old Sanskrit let¬ 
ters are found which are quite lost in Urdu and almost so in Panjabi. 
5. The pronunciation is (certainly Multan way) far more nasal. 
6. The words too differ very much. Dr. Jukes of Dera Ghazi 
Khan is compiling a dictionary of Western Panjabi. 
These notes on the grammar of this old language have been put 
together not as a final and infallible work on the subject, but with the 
view of collecting.from others, better acquainted with it and its neigh¬ 
bouring languages than the writer, any further information either in 
the shape of corrections or additions that they can give him. 
It is hoped that any one, into whose hands a copy of these notes 
may fall, will kindly point out to the writer any mistakes he may have 
made, and also supply any additional information he can on the extent 
or grammar of this language. 
The Alphabet, &c. 
Hot much need be said here on this subject. 
There are two ways in which the language may be written. 
1. In the ordinary Persian character. 
The objection to this is that there are not enough letters in the 
Persian alphabet to express all the letters of Western Panjabi. This 
difficulty may be met (as with Sindhi) by introducing a number of 
additional marks to distinguish one letter from another, but these would 
only be useful to those specially instructed in their use. It is simpler 
to use the well-known letters and to leave it to those who know tho 
language to make the necessary modifications in pronunciation. One 
may add that the number of those who can read or write this character 
is exceedingly small, and all who can do so know also Urdu, and if they 
want to write anything, write it in that language. 
i Trumpp’a Trans, cxxvi. ... 
J. I. 38 
