296 Trevor Bomford — Language spoken in the Western Panjab. [No. 4, 
and most commonly to the dative postposition ‘ kane ’ which be¬ 
comes kantt. 
ex. ‘ Bekar kanft vigar cange,’ forced employment is better than 
no employment. 
In this shape it becomes a very common ablative suffix. 
_ When so attached, it, in most cases, where the first syllable is Short, 
doubles the preceding consonant. This is certainly the rule in the 
Dera GrhazI District where we find kanntl, utto, tails (‘ tale ’ under), 
aggS, viccS, &c. 
4. Occasionally we find an ablative postposition 4 tliiLex., 
4 Chala sa thft pia manginda.’ The ring is being asked from us. 
Here ‘ sa ’ is a contraction for ‘ assa 1 (see personal pronouns), and 
* thu ’ is really a contraction for ‘ ithti ’ (see above). 
Note 1. — Burton on the subject of ablative postpositions is vague, 
and gives ‘an’ 4 on ’ 4 te ’ ‘ ten ’ 4 ton ’ 4 thon ’ 4 thin ’ 4 siti * 
‘ kanun ’ 44 kanan ” 44 udon.”— Most of these are modifications 
of postpositions with ‘ S,’ but some are quite unknown to me. 
Note 2.— On the common use of such forms as kolbiE, uttS, &c. 
There can be no doubt that these are originally ablative forms and 
that the termination ‘ H. ’ had the meaning ‘ from ’ : 
thus, ‘ mede kol,’ with me, 4 mode kolhti,’ from (with) me 
‘ pahar ute,’ on a hill, 1 pahar uttft,’ from (on) the hill, 
and many good scholars contend that this can be their only meaning. 
Thus Mr. Perkins writes “ for Panjabi the only meaning of koln. is 
‘ passe’ and we could not use such a phrase as ‘ mede kollift baithj 
for 4 sit near me,’ but only ‘ mede kol baith.’ The suffix ‘o’ or ‘ S. * 
means 1 from ’ and nothing else. } 
But on the other hand many good scholars of Western Panjabi 
(both Natives and Europeans) say that if ever the suffix had the mean¬ 
ing of ‘ from 9 in such combinations as ‘ kolhu 9 ‘ dlid . 9 (for the 1 h 9 in 
these, see Note 3), it has quite lost it and has acquired instead an 
intensitive meaning thus : 
4 Mede kol baith,’ sit near me, ‘ mede kolhu baith,’ sit very near me. 
Mr. E. 0. Brien wrote from Dharmsala on this point “I think ‘kol- 
hfl ’ and 4 picctl ’ are right in such phrases as 4 o unde kolhu khara 
he ’ and in 4 mede piccti a.’ This use of an adverb of place with an 
apparently ablative suffix but without the meaning 4 from 9 is found in 
other dialects. If I ask a hill man (in Kangra) where he is going 
he often says 4 uparo,’ meaning 4 up ’ — Trumpp gives more than one 
adverb of place ending in 4 6 ’ without a meaning of • 4 from ’ in it. 1 
l [The o is no doubt derived from an older hu or hu. This word, hu or hu 
has two distinct meanings throughout Northern India. It may either be the ter- 
