298 Trevor Bomford— Language spoken in the Western Punjab. [No. 4, 
4. Masculine nouns in a change a to e in the Formative Singular 
and remain unchanged in the Vocative. In the Plural, they substitute 
e for a in the Nominative, ia in the Formative, and io in the Vocative, as 
Sing. Nom. ojlia a school teacher. 
Form, ojhe 
Voc. ojha. 
Plural Nom. ojhe 
Form, djhia 
Voc. ojhio 
5. Feminine nouns ending in a remain unchanged in the singular, 
but substitute iy3 in the plural. 
Ex. Sing. Nom. &c. bua, a paternal aunt. 
„ Plur. Nom. &c. ukfi (Eiiiya). 
6. Masculine nouns ending in 1 change the Voc. sing, as below, 
and in the plural follow class 3. 
Ex. Sing. Nom. paoli, a weaver. 
„ „ Voc. U j pawlia. 
7. Feminine nouns in 1 as a rule do not change in the singular, 
and form the plural by substituting e or iya ; this latter form is always 
found in the vocative. 
Ex. Sing. Nom. Form., Voc. bhabhi, a brother’s wife. 
f U“?ip bhablie. 
Plur. Nom. Form. 
bhabhiya. 
Voc. do. do. 
The Vocative Sing, of dahl, a daughter, is 
dahiya. 
8. Nouns masculine in 4 u ’ remain unchanged in singular, but 
substitute I for u in plural. 
Ex. Sing. babu, a father. 
„ Plur. b babe, fathers. 
9. Irregular Nouns. 
a. Sing.; Nom., and Form, ga a cow. 
Plur. gawa 
or (jllf gae. 
b. Hanjh, a tear; hanjhu, tears. 
Note. —In a translation of the Sermon on the Mount which was 
written out for me by a MultanI Banya in Banya, characters, the writer 
has often added an ‘ o ’ or ‘ u .’ 
1. In nouns, as ‘ babu ’ for 4 bab,* a chapter. 
2. In the middle of compound words, as 
4 gum o nak ’ for c gumnak,’ sorrowful. 
4 bal o karahi ’ for ‘ bal karahl,’ lighting : 
‘ cup o na sagda ’ for 4 cup na sagda,’ cannot be hid. 
