814 Trevor Bomford — Language spoken in the Western Punjab. [No. 4, 
9. The Perfect . 
I liad come. 
This is compounded of the Past Participle with the Potential 
(Indefinite Present) of the Verb Substantive; as aya ha, I have come. 
N. B. — Sometimes the two parts are contracted into one form, as 
aya, I have come. 
Ex., Fajr de vellie gaylL I went in the morning. 
10. Pluperfect. 
I had come. 
This is compounded of the Past Participle with the Past tense of 
the Verb Substantive, as aya ham, or aya haus, I had come. 
The Future . 
I will come. 
1st Sing. asa 1st Plur. ciy*) *as3 
2nd „ as§ 2nd „ aso 
3rd ,, a si. 3rd ,, asin. 
It is common to find the almost obsolete root letter ‘ w ’ in the 
future, as ‘ awsi ’ he will come. 
12. Definite Future. 
I shall be coming. 
This is compounded of the Present Participle and the Future of 
the Verb Substantive, as anda host. 
13. Past Future. 
“ I shall have come.” 
This is compounded of the Past Participle and the Future of the 
Verb Substantive, as aya lios§. 
The Transitive Verb. 
1. Infinitive. 
maran, to beat, from root mar. 
Note .— In Urdu the Infinitive is used as an Imperative with a 
sense of continuous action, or as an Intensitive. 
The same effect is produced in Western Panjabi by addingol & 
to the root 
e. g., rnarani, you must beat —vanjanl, you must go, or ‘ dewani 
kal khaus,’ to whom must I give ? 
