1895.] Trevor Bomford — Language spoken in the Western Panjab. 315 
2. Present Participle. 
beating*. 
These in Western Panjabi add ‘ enda,’ &c., and shorten the root, 
thus, marenda. 
3. Past Participle. 
beaten. 
Ijjbo maria or !jU> mara. 
Note. — Verbal nouns, according to Burton, are formed by adding 
andar or indar to the Boot, as akhandar, a speaker (karan 
however makes kandar or kandal), 
or by adding ‘ har ’ to the Infinitive as manganhar, a beggar. 
4. 
Conjunctive Particles. 
beating. 
jlo 
mar 
<marl *\ 
See notes on particles 
mar 
ke t jZj'A mar karahe >■ 
of Intransitive verbs 
mar 
kar J 
p. 311. 
5. 
Imperative. 
beat. 
2nd 
Sing. 
mar. 2nd Plur. 
maro. 
Irregular examples. 
‘ Kahi kfi. na akhae,’ 1 Say nothing to any one. 
‘ Rah vie kahi kn. salam na karahe,’ Salute no one by the way. 
6. Potential or Indefinite Present. 
(very common in proverbs.) 
Sing. 
1 
I beat, 
mat a. 
&c. 
Plur. 
1 
UJ ) 1 ' 6 
marl 
2 
mail. 
5* 
2 
jj 1 ' 0 
maro. 
)) 
3 
-jh 
mare. 
3 
&jlc 
marin. 
Note. —When the root syllable is short the final consonant is (in 
some districts) doubled before the affix, as karra. 
Ex. ‘ Uth canga mal; khate sons te khave jal,’ The camel is a pro- 
fitable animal. It earns gold and eats jal. 
‘ Kahi tarah i sangatl kn. lutta,’ By what means can I plunder this 
comrade ? 
1 These forms are really Passive Potentials (made as in Gujarati), used as 
Active Imperatives; thus 
Kahi kti na akhae, is literally ‘ Let nothing be said to any one.’ 
