1895.] Trevor Bomford — Language spoken in the Western Panjab. 319 
Mr. O’Brien in his MS. notes gives a contracted form of the per- 
feet with these suffixes 
as follows— 
1st 
Sing. 
maria him, 
or 
marim. 
2nd 
maria hei, 
3rd 
5? 
maria his, 
or 
mfiris. 
1st 
Plur. 
maria hisse, 
or 
marese. 
2nd 
n 
maria heve, 
or 
mareve. 
3rd 
maria hin he, 
or 
marehe. 
These contractions I have not yet met with, and, as a general rule, 
I think contracted forms take the shapes given under the head of the 
Past Tense, while the Perfect is shown by the use of uncontracted 
forms.—It is true that for the 3rd person singular from dekhan we find 
both dithus and dithius, but there is no distinction in meaning. 
Pluperfect . 
I had beaten. 
12. The Pluperfect is compounded of the Past Participle agreeing 
with the Nominative, and the past tense of the Verb Substantive also 
agreeing with the Nominative as— 
‘ Badshah apni naukar maria lia,’ The king had beaten his 
servant, by the king his servant beaten was, &c. 
Other examples— 
‘ Jerhe vellie ttl ktindi sattl hal,’ When you had thrown the 
hook, lit., when by thee the hook thrown was. 
‘ Jlwi faqir suniha pathia ha,’ lit., As by the faqir the mes¬ 
sage was sent. 
When pronouns are the agents they are either expressed as in the 
first of the above examples, or the Past tense of the Verb Substantive 
(with pronouns attached) is added to the Participle. 
1st 
pers. 
, Sing. 
maria 
ham, 
I had beaten. 
2nd 
n 
5* 
m aria- 
have, 
thou liadst beaten. 
3rd 
ii 
maria 
haus, 
he had beaten. 
1st 
ii 
Plur. 
maria 
hase, 
we had beaten. 
2nd 
ii 
ii 
maria, 
hase, 
you had beaten. 
3rd 
a 
ii 
maria 
ha hi, 
they had beaten. 
The participle, of course, agrees with the Nominative. 
Examples — 
‘ Je tore un di shakal na dithi ham,’ Until I had seen his form, 
lit., As long as his form was not seen by me. 
‘ Jal tarah faqir kii liukm ditta hah!,’ As they had ordered the 
faqir. 
‘Tops maria hase,’ We had fired the cannons, lit., The cannons 
fired had been by us. 
