320 Trevor Bomford —Language spoken in the Western Punjab. [No. 4, 
13. The Future, 
I will beat. 
The rale for transitive verbs is to add es§, &c ., to the root, and to 
shorten the root syllable. 
Sing. 
1 
maresH. 
Plur. 
1 
marestl. 
2 
mare si. 
ii 
2 
mare so. 
11 
3 
maresl. 
n 
3 
maresin. 
Dekhan (to see), however, is conjugated like an intransitive verb. 
Khawan, to eat, makes its future khasfi, and akhan, to say, 
makes its future akhsS and akliesIL 
14. Compound Future. 
I shall be beating. 
Is compounded of the Present Participle with the Simple Future of 
the Verb Substantive. 
mai marenda hosfi, I will be beating. 
15. The Past Future , 
I shall have beaten. 
Compounded like the 2nd perfect, viz., with the Agent in the In¬ 
strumental and the Participle agreeing with the Object (which thus 
becomes the Nominative), and the Future of the Auxiliary Verb, in 
the singular or plural, to agree with the Object. 
bjio u (pj inh^ maria hosi, by them beaten will be he ; i.e., 
they will have beaten him. 
ubjbc mai marya! hosin, by me beaten will they (fern.) 
be; i.e., I shall have beaten them. 
Passive Voice. 
Sir R. F. Burton wrote in 1849 : — c The Jatki dialect, like SindhI, 
possesses a distinct passive voice ; but with reference to it, it must be 
recollected that although much used and frequently occurring in Jatki 
books and writings, it is seldom heard in conversation, and is all but 
unknown to the vulgar/ 
E. O'Brien wrote in 1881:—' Multan! differs from Panjabi and 
resembles SindhI in having a passive voice, instead of being, like other 
Indian dialects, obliged to compound a passive voice of the past parti¬ 
ciple with the verb jana, to go.’ 
There is ample evidence in proverbs and stories to show that the 
above statements are correct and that Western Panjabi had a distinct 
passive—some parts of which are still in constant use; but, at the same 
