1895. ] (t. A. Grierson — Suffixes in the Kdemirl Language. 341 
» 
culars, while still retaining traces of the synthetic nature of their earlier 
stages of development, are on the whole analytical. In the North- 
Western Family we can watch such analytical languages in the very 
act of completing the circuit, and becoming agglutinative. So the 
‘ weary round of existence’ of languages goes on. First agglutinative, 
then synthetic, then analytic, and then agglutinative again. An agglu¬ 
tinative language is one in which some words have lost their power 
of being used as nouns or verbs, and can only be employed as particles, 
in which capacity they are added to nouns to form case endings, and 
to verbs to form tense and person endings. 1 This is exactly what we 
see occurring in the North-Western Family, and especially in Ka^mlri. 
When a Ka^mlri wishes to say ‘ I am,’ he takes the word for ‘ is,’ 
and tacks on to it a pronominal suffix meaning ‘ I.’ This does not prevent 
him prefixing the full pronoun ‘ I ’ as well. He says, not ‘ I am,’ but 
4 1 is-I,’ bo chu-s , in which s is the pronominal suffix of the first person. 
Again, if he wishes to say ‘ thou art,’ he says tsg chu-lc , ‘ thou is-tliou ’. 
So also for other cases. The word nior u means ‘ killed.’ If he wishes to 
say ‘ I killed,’ he says 4 by me killed-by-me,’ me moru-m , in which m is 
suffix of the 1st. pers. in the instrumental. If he wishes to add the 
person who was killed, and to say ‘ I killed yon,’ he says 4 by me 
killed-by-me-you yon, me mori-ma-vg toll 1 . Here me means ‘ by me 
mor * , is the masculine plural of mor u , agreeing with ‘you;’ m is the 
suffix of the first personal pronoun in the instrumental (with a added for 
the sake of euphony) ; vg is the suffix of the 2nd. personal pronoun plural, 
in the nominative, and fold means ‘you.’ Again bo balrava-h tim ‘I will 
heal them,’ is literally ‘I (bo) will-heal(Z)aZr<mt)-them( -k) them (tim)’ 
(the Future, or Old Present, being one of the tenses which does not 
take the personal terminations in the nominative, being a synthetic 
tense, derived from the old Sanskrit Present). Again (to illustrate 
a- dative pronominal suffix) tain 1 dop K -na-s, means ‘he spoke to him,’ 
literally ‘by him (lam 1 ) spoken (dop u )-by-him ( n , with euphonic a )- 
to-him (s)\ 
From the above, it will be gathered that there are different Karmirl 
suffixes for the various cases of the Personal Pronouns, and such is the 
case, except that there are no suffixes for the plural of the first person. 
The following is a complete list of these suffixes. 
First Personal Pronoun. 
Full form. 
Suffix. 
Sing. Nom. bo 
5 or in. 
Acc. me 
m. 
Instr. me 
m. 
Hat. me 
in. 
J. r. 44 
1 Beames, Cp. Gr. i, 42. 
