1895.] of the Modern Indo-Aryan Languages. 355 
Southern Group. 
Marathi. 
Konkani. 
Sing. 1 
cals 
cdlan 
2 
cales 
cdl'gl 
„ 3 
code 
cdlat 
Plur. 1 
cdln 
cdlu 
„ 2 
caldi 
cal' cat 
„ 3 
cdlat 
caltit 
In Marathi, this tense has acquired the force of a Habitual Past, 
‘ I used to go.’ In Konkani it is a Contingent Future, ‘ I may perhaps go.’ 
It is thus manifest that in every modern Indo-Aryan language 
there is a tense derived direct from the Sanskrit-Prakrit present. 
Sometimes Singular forms are used for Plural, and vice versa. The 
terminations are corruptions of the original Sanskrit-Prakrit ter¬ 
minations, and (with the exception of one or two sporadic forms) 
nothing has been added to these terminations in the way of pronomi¬ 
nal suffixes. It is a genuine synthetic tense by origin. 
We now come to the Future. The Sanskrit-Prakrit terminations 
are as follows :— 
Sanskrit. 
Prakrit. 
Apabhram£A. 
(Optional.) 
Singular 1 
cali sy ami 
calissdmi or 
ealihimi 
calissau or 
calihiu 
„ 2 
calisyasi 
calissasi or 
calihisi 
calissahi , calissai or 
calihihi, calihii 
„ 3 
calisyati 
calissai or 
calihii 
calissahi , calissai or 
calihilii , calihii. 
Plural 1 
calisydmas 
calissdmd or 
calihimo 
calissahu or 
calihihu, (* calihiu). 
„ 2 
calisyatha 
calissaha or 
calihiha 
calissahu or 
calihihu , (* calihiu). 
, 3 
calisyanti 
calissanti or 
calihinti 
calissahi (* calissai) or 
calihihi (* calihii.) 
