374 
G. A. Grierson —Radical and Participial tenses 
[No. 4, 
the Ap. Pr. Nom. Sing, hau, ‘1 The terminations B (Naipali), i (Bihari) 
are naturally referred to the Prakrit form amhe (both Nominative and 
Genitive Plural, H. C., iii, 106, 114, iv, 376), through * mhe, * h§. It 
will be observed that in Maithili i is both a direct and an oblique form : 
but that, as an oblique form, it can be dropped, leaving the verb in the 
Bliave prayoga. In Kacmiri, the suffix of the first person plural is also 
dropped. The Bengali am, is, of course, the same as the Kacmiri m 7 
and is properly an oblique form. 
Second Person. The terminations (Naipali, Bengali and Marathi) 
presents some difficulty. It may possibly be the Sanski it-Prakrit ter¬ 
mination si of the second person, which has survived in the Radical 
tenses of Bengali and Marathi, but not in Naipali, used by false analogy. 
This explanation, besides being, at best, a pis alter, scarcely applies to 
Naipali. I prefer, therefore, to consider it as a termination borrowed 
either from the first or from the third person. In Bihar! nearly every 
form of the first person, can also be used for the second person, so that 
there is no inherent impossibility of the s suffix of the first person 
being used for the second. Or we may refer to the well known hono¬ 
rific use of the third person instead of the second. The termination I 
(Bihar!), i (Assamese, Bengali), e (Bengali), are originally oblique 
forms, the same as the Kacmiri y 9 the Western Panjabi el, and the 
Sindh! e. It will be noted that the s suffixes of the first person are 
direct forms, and this distinction is borne out by Bengali, which has is 
for its direct, and i for its oblique suffixes of the second person singular. 
The terminations hu, ah (for aliu ), au, a, and U, must be referred to the 
suffix h, he, which we have met in Kacmiri and Western Panjabi. 
Their origin is one of the many forms of the Prakrit pronoun of the 
second person, of which nyhe (H. C. iii, 91), is the most probable. The 
Marathi t we have already met in Kacmiri. The oblique singular is 
used instead of the oblique plural. It cannot be connected with the 
Sanskrit-Prakrit tha (dual tluis ), which would become not t, but h or hu. 
Possibly, however, the direct Marathi forms are borrowed by false 
analogy from the Radical Tenses. 
Third Person. The terminations nhi, anh % and en, have been 
already explained in my former paper. 1 They are derived from the 
Prakrit nehi. So also, as there explained, ah, as shown by its feminine 
form ih, is most probably not a pronominal suffix at all, but merely an old 
plural termination of the Present or Past Participle, to which it is added. 
The termination e, or a, and also the termination eh, is a weakened form 
of ai, as previously explained. With regard to the h in ek, see Ante, 
pp. 350, 366. The North-Western forms have already been fully 
discussed. 2 
r Ante, p. 347. 
2 p. 347. 
