386 L. de Nic6ville & Dr. L. Martin— Butterflies of Sumatra. [No. 3, 
81. Ypthima Philomela, Johanssen. 
Snellen as hubneri. Hasten as hiibneri. Distant as hubneri. Com- 
mon everywhere in tlie plains like Y. baldus, Fabricius. I follow 
Mr. Moore in my identification of this species (Lep. Indica, vol. ii, p. 74, 
pi. cx, fig. 4, male (J893), which he records from Sumatra. It is of small 
size, has six odelli in pairs on the underside of the hindwing, and has an 
inconspicuous patch of androconia on the upperside of the forewing. The 
Y. huebneri of Kirby, under which name the present species has apparently 
been recorded by three writers from Sumatra, is quite a distinct species, 
with no “ male-mark,” and with four ocelli only placed one and three, and 
does not appear to occur in the island. The Y tabelia of Marshall, from 
South India and Burma, of which the type specimen is in my collection, 
appears to me to be the same as Y. philomela of Johanssen. Mr. Elwes 
in his monograph of the genus Yjpthima places the “ Papilio ” philomela , 
Johanssen, as a synonym of Y. baldus , Fabricius, but with a query. 
He gives Y. tabella as a certain synonym of Y. baldus. Nowhere does 
Mr. Elwes refer to the Y philomela of Linmeus. All Mr. Moore says 
about it is that it is quite distinct from Y. hubneri , Kirby, and has 
six ocelli on the hind wing disposed in three pairs (Lep. Ind., vol. ii, p. 81). 
I am, therefore, quite in the dark as to how Y. philomela, Johanssen, 
and Y. philomela , Linneeus, are supposed to differ. Mr. Moore gives 
the Y. philomela of Hubner as a synonym of Y. huebneri , Kirby. 
82. Ypthima pandocus, Moore. 
Snellen. Hagen. Distant as corticaria. Occurs in Sumatra only 
on the Central Plateau of the Battak mountains at an elevation of not less 
than 3,000 feet. Mr. Moore retains Y. corticaria , Butler, as a distinct 
species; I quite agree with Mr. Elwes in placing it as a synonym of 
Y. pandocus. Mr. Distant treats Y. corticaria as a “ var.” of Y. pandocus. 
83. Ypthima fasciata, Hewitson. 
Hewitson. Grose Smith. Distant. Kirby. Elwes. Decidedly 
rare, occurs only in the forests of the lower hills rarely at Namoe Oekor, 
but never at a lower elevation. Like the species of Mycalesis all the 
species of Ypthima are not as fond of the sun as most other butterflies, 
and fly on rainy days. They are partial to flowers, and will even go to 
high shrubs when in blossom, which Mycalesis will never do. 
84. Ragadia crisia, Hubner. 
Hewitson. Snellen. Hagen. Distant. A common species in the 
plains and is found not only in the large and high forests, but also in 
young and not very high jungle with the ground covered with grass which 
