406 . L. de Niceville & Dr. L. Martin — Butterflies of Sumatra. [No. 3, 
tytioules , de Niceville, while IT. carolinse mimics Danais banJcsii , Moore. 
So long as these Hestinas think themselves safe and unobserved their 
flight closely resembles that of the Eanainse, but as soon as they 
scent danger they assume their proper rapid mode of flight, which 
is like that of the males of species of Ilypolimnas. So far females of 
H. carolinse have only been obtained, that sex of II. nama not having 
been captured in our area. The two species are undoubtedly distinct, 
the differences between them being well pointed out by Heer P. C. T. 
Snellen. They are very much rarer than is H. nama in the Himalayas. 
146. Herona scmatrana, Moore. 
H. sumatrana , Moore, Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond., 1881, p. 308; id., de Niceville, 
Jcurn. A. S. B., vol. lxiii, pt. 2, p. 5, n. 4, pi. iii, fig. 7, female (18-94), 
Moore. Grose Smith. Originally described from Sumatra. As 
also in all other localities the Sumatran species of Herona is very rare. 
In Deli it occurs from Selesseli to Bekantschan in March, July and 
September, but only four or five specimens a year will be obtained 
by all our collectors put together. On the wing it looks like an 
i 
Eathalia and has a similar flight, though it has the habit of settling on 
O' O O 
tree trunks which Euth alias seldom or never do except when sucking up 
the juice from a wound in the bark. 
J47. Precis iphita, Cramer. 
Snellen. Hagen. 
14S. Precis ida, Cramer. 
Hagen. Semper. Both species of Precis are found throughout our 
area and all the year round in ever following generations. P. iphita , 
Cramer, is somewhat the rarer, and is restricted to forests both large 
and small, whereas P. ida is found more in open ground, mostly near 
houses, in gardens, and in orchards, but never in forest. There are no 
intermediate gradations between these two species in Deli. They have 
a stronger and bolder flight than the species of Jnnonia which follow. 
349. JUNONIA ALMANA, LimUBUS. 
Snellen as asterie. Grose Smith as asterie. Hagen as asterie. 
Distant as asterie. In my opinion J. ahnana and J. asterie , both of 
Linnseus, are one and the same species, the former being the dry- 
season non-ocellated, the latter the wet-season ocellated form. Only 
the latter is found in Sumatra, which accounts for that name being 
used by all authors in recording it from the island. As, however, almana 
is the older name for the species, it has to be used, though it was 
