414 L. de Niceville & Dr. L. Martin — Butterflies of Sumatra. [No. 3, 
mimic the white aberration of D. chrysippus, ( alcippus , Cramer), which 
is found in Sumatra, as it does in Africa. H. misippus is very com¬ 
mon in Sumatra, and abounds in open places, on roads, near houses, 
and especially in newly-cut tobacco fields, where after the tobacco is 
cut down and removed there springs up a rich growth of low plants. 
Not found at a greater elevation than Bekantschan. Has a wide 
range, from Northern Australia and New Guinea on the one hand, 
to Florida in the United States of America on the other. Dr. Martin 
notes that not knowing the species in Europe and on first arrival in 
Sumatra he would not believe his European assistant when he brought 
both sexes and said they were male and female of one species. Dr. 
Martin dismissed him with an incredulous smile, but the next day he 
caught a couple paired, and then knew better. 
183. Argynnis niphe, Linnaeus. 
Snellen. Grose Smith. Hagen. Staudinger. Semper. Occurs 
only on the Central Plateau, where in some years it is found in large 
numbers and where Dr. Hagen captured it. Dr. Martin caugdit a single 
male specimen at Toentoengan in Deli in September, 1888, to which 
place this mountaineer may have been carried by a high w 7 ind. Su¬ 
matran specimens are never as large as those from Northern India, but 
are usually larger than the Javan form ( A . javanica y Oberthiir), which 
has a richer and darker coloration than the Sumatran form. The 
female is rarer than the male, native collectors bring it in the pro¬ 
portion of one to five. (For notes on this species see de Niceville, 
Journ. Bomb. Nat. Hist. Soc., vol. viii, p. 153 (1893). 
184. Dichorrhagia nesimachus, Boisduval. 
Hagen. Semper. Formerly by no means a rare insect in Deli 
and Langhat before the clearing of the forest, and occurred at low 
elevations, not higher than Bekantschan. Dr. Hagen before 1882 
found it common in Serdang, whereas Dr. Martin, who commenced 
to collect in that year, obtained his first specimen in 1887 near a small 
river at Soengei Beras, where a small piece of forest was left. Later 
it was found to be more plentiful at Selesseh, also south of Namoe Oekor, 
and in Padang Bedagei; the Gayoe collectors again brought it in large 
numbers, collected in the forests on the way to their homes in the 
mountains. It is fond of settling on forest roads with wings only 
half open, and has a very rapid flight as its robust structure shews. 
185. Parthenos gambrisius, Fabricius. 
Hagen. Wallace. All the species of this genus have a very beauti¬ 
ful and characteristic flight, unlike any other butterfly known to me. 
